Search for adaptive changes in genes affecting phenology of the Japanese oak

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It has been suggested that Japanese oak (Quercus mongolica var. crispula) in the northern and the southern part of Japan had experienced a different history of adaptation during the glacial age migrations and settlements. In order to detect adaptive changes in genes we cloned phytochrome genes in the oak as one of the candidates. We also collected seeds from the northern and the southern parts of Japan and planted in the experimental forest in Sapporo and Ehime to measure phonological traits. We found three phytochrome genes, and also that nucleotide diversity was high in the northern populations. In the field experiment, we observed that there are considerable difference in early death rates and secondary flash rates in the northern and the southern populations.