The developments of risk assessment for alternative chemicals to methy bromide in human health and environmental loads

甲基溴替代化学品对人类健康和环境负荷的风险评估进展

• 批准号: 13470092
• 负责人: KODA Shigeki
• 金额: $ 8.19万
• 依托单位: Kochi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13470092/
• 关键词: Occupational Health; Soil fumugation; Environmental Health; Methyl Bromide; Human Health Effects; Environmental Loads; Methyl Iso-Tio-Cyanate; Chemical Exposures

In order to develope and estimate risk assessment of alternative chemicals to methy bromide in human health and environmental loads, an interview survey for agricultural workers, environmental monitoring in soil, air and water, and occupational exposures to MITC(Methyl Iso-tio-cyanate and this resolved chemicals) were conducted in 2002-2004. Occupational exposures to MITC and carbon disulfide were examined for 25 farmers(38 agricultural workers) in dusting soil fumigation, mixing soil and tearing mulch., The results of occupational exposures to MITC were from N.D. to 0.45ppm in dusting soil fumigation, from 0.03ppm to 1.0ppm in mixing soil, and from 0.01ppm to 0.88ppm in tearing mulch. The occupational exposures to carbon disulfide were not detected in soil fumigation, mixing soil and tearing mulch. But high occupational exposures could be protected in prolonging duration from soil fumigation to mixing soil, and from mixing soil to tearing mulch. An interview survey of working conditio … More ns and subjective symptoms related to exposures to MITC during soil fumigation was conducted for 38 agricultural workers. Many agricultural workers used soil fumigation within a short time period without personal protective equipment. The prevalence for irritation of the eyes and skins was significantly increased by dusting soil fumigation, mixing soil and tearing mulch. The prevalence for feeling sick, nausea, cough and anxieties about health was significantly increased in same jobs. But high prevalences of eyes and skin irritation, symptoms of respiratory ducts and CNS could be protected in prolonging duration from soil fumigation to mixing soil, and from mixing soil to tearing mulch. As for environmental loads of MITC, wasted water from fumigated soil and soil dusted fumigation were examined for several months from soil fumigation. The concentrations of MITC, carbon disulfide and ammonia in wasted water were detected for one month from soil fumigation. The concentrations of MITC, carbon disulfide and ammonia in soil dusted fumigation were detected for a couple, of months from soil fumigation. Theses results are suggested that alternative chemicals to methyl bromide(MITC) is risky chemicals for human health and environments. Less

为了开展甲基溴替代化学品对人体健康和环境负荷的风险评估，2002-2004年对农业工人进行了访谈调查，对土壤、空气和水进行了环境监测，并对甲基异氰酸酯（Methyl Iso-tio-Cyanate and this resolved chemicals）的职业暴露进行了评估。对25名农民（38名农业工人）进行了MITC和二硫化碳在土壤熏蒸、土壤混合和覆盖物撕裂作业中的职业暴露调查。MITC职业暴露结果来自N.D.在土壤熏蒸中，撒粉处理的最低浓度为0.45ppm，混合处理的最低浓度为0.03ppm ~ 1.0ppm，撕膜处理的最低浓度为0.01ppm ~ 0.88ppm。土壤熏蒸、拌土和撕膜作业未检出二硫化碳职业暴露。但延长从土壤熏蒸到混土、混土到撕膜的时间，对高职业暴露有保护作用。工作条件访谈调查 ...更多信息 对38名农业工人进行了土壤熏蒸作业中暴露于MITC的ns和主观症状的调查。许多农业工人在没有个人防护设备的情况下在短时间内使用土壤熏蒸。撒粉土壤熏蒸、混合土壤和撕裂覆盖物显著增加了眼睛和皮肤刺激的患病率。同一职业的恶心、呕吐、咳嗽和健康焦虑的患病率显著增加。但延长土壤熏蒸至拌土、拌土至撕膜的时间，可有效地保护高发病率的眼睛和皮肤刺激、呼吸道症状和中枢神经系统症状。在土壤熏蒸后的几个月内，对土壤熏蒸废水和土壤粉尘熏蒸废水中MITC的环境负荷进行了研究。采用土壤熏蒸法，连续一个月测定废水中MITC、二硫化碳和氨氮的浓度。从土壤熏蒸开始的几个月内，检测了土壤粉尘熏蒸中MITC、二硫化碳和氨的浓度。这些结果表明，甲基溴的替代化学品（MITC）是对人类健康和环境的危险化学品。少