The occupational health study of occupational respiratory diseases exposed to steel dust for a long time.

长期接触钢铁粉尘职业性呼吸系统疾病的职业健康研究

• 批准号: 17590515
• 负责人: KODA Shigeki
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH) (2006)Kochi University (2005)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17590515/
• 关键词: Occupational Health; Dust exposure; pneumoconiosis; Siderosis

Tosa blacksmith has over four hundred-year history. The main products are kitchen knife, sickle, ax, hatchet, hoe, helm, saw, etc. The procedures of these products do not change until nowadays besides two processes, heating and forging with heavy oil furnace and automatic hammer, and rough grinding with grinder.In this paper, we would like to report pneumoconiosis exposed heavy metal dust in rough grinding. We evaluated respiratory dust exposures among Tosa blacksmith (n=32) in rough grinding. The level of dust exposure was 0.26-8.89 mg/m3. We analyzed the percentage of silica by X-ray diffraction method, and conducted the qualitative and quantitative analyses of heavy metal in exposed dust. The contaminating level of silica was 0.7-2.9%, and iron oxide III was 6.4-55.0%. The health examination of pneumoconiosis (n=41) was conducted, twenty five (61.0%) had pneumoconiosis signs in chest X-ray, and thirteen (31.7%) were slightly decreased in their lung functions. Two were severe pneumoconiosis. Their X-ray finding was numerous small fairly denses opacities (sized p) throughout the lung fields. Pneumoconiosis among Tosa blacksmith was diagnosed as siderosis.The number of siderosis patients is limited, and exposure limit has not been proposed yet. We could get information that a couple of workers had died of siderosis in this study. The mean of dust exposures among severe and died siderosis workers (4.07 mg/m3) was higher than one among slight siderosis and healthy workers (0.86 mg/m3). This result provided us important data for setting exposure limit of siderosis. And now, several workers have introduced low cost improvements in rough grinding process. The mean of dust exposures of improved workplaces (0.57 mg/m3) was lower than one of unimproved workplaces (2.39 mg/m3), and those were evaluated as effective and practical ones. As most of Tosa blacksmith are small-scaled and self-employed, it is very important to provide low cost improvements for preventing siderosis.

土佐铁匠有四百多年的历史。主要产品有菜刀、镰刀、斧头、短柄斧、锄头、钢盔、锯子等，除重油炉和自动锤加热锻造和磨床粗磨两道工序外，其余工序至今未变。我们评估了土佐铁匠（n=32）在粗磨呼吸性粉尘暴露。接尘水平为0.26-8.89 mg/m3。采用X射线衍射法分析了暴露粉尘中二氧化硅的含量，并对暴露粉尘中的重金属进行了定性和定量分析。二氧化硅的污染水平为0.7- 2.9%，氧化铁III为6.4- 55.0%。对41例尘肺患者进行了健康体检，X线胸片有尘肺征象者25例（61.0%），肺功能轻度下降者13例（31.7%）。2例为重度尘肺。他们的X线检查结果是整个肺野有许多小的相当致密的混浊（大小为p）。土佐铁匠尘肺被诊断为铁质沉着症。铁质沉着症患者数量有限，尚未提出接触限值。我们可以得到的信息是，在这项研究中，有两名工人死于铁质沉着症。重度和死亡工人接尘量均值（4.07mg/m3）高于轻度和健康工人接尘量均值（0.86mg/m3）。这一结果为制定铁质沉着病的接触限值提供了重要依据。现在，一些工人已经在粗磨工艺中引入了低成本的改进。作业场所粉尘暴露量均值（0.57mg/m3）低于未改作业场所粉尘暴露量均值（2.39mg/m3），评价为有效、实用的作业场所。由于土佐铁匠大多数是小规模的个体经营者，因此提供低成本的改善措施来预防铁质沉着症非常重要。