A study on comprehensive risk assessment of health effects and environment loads related to hazardous chemical substances in occupational and environmental health.

危险化学物质职业与环境健康健康影响和环境负荷综合风险评估研究

• 批准号: 11470109
• 负责人: KODA Shigeki
• 金额: $ 6.21万
• 依托单位: Kochi Medical School
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11470109/
• 关键词: hazardous chemical substances; health effects; environmental loads; risk assessment; methyl bromide; occupational health; environmental health

Since methyl bromide (CH_3Br) was listed by the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer in 1985 s as chemical agent which might change physical and chemical characteristics of the ozone layer, it has been recognized as a common chemical toxicant threatening occupational and environmental health. In order to estimate exposure to methyl bromide (CH_3Br) during soil fumigation inside greenhouses and examine health effects in agricultural workers, an interview survey, environmental monitoring and occupational exposure to CH_3Br were conducted. An interview survey of working conditions and subjective symptoms related to exposure to CH_3Br during soil fumigation was conducted on 241 agricultural workers, and 225 agricultural workers were analyzed. The environmental monitoring during soil fumigation and occupational exposure to CH_3Br were conducted. Finally, the authors examined the exposure levels to CH_3Br after improving soil fumigation techniques.Many agricultural workers … More used a large amount of CH_3Br in soil fumigation within a short time period without personal protective equipment. The odds ratio for nausea was significantly increased by fumigation with mulch. The odds ratios for irritation of the eyes, feeling sick, cough and anxieties about health were significantly increased by wearing gas masks. The odds ratios for forgetfulness and ringing in the ears were significantly increased at ages over 50 yr. The concentrations of CH_3Br in greenhouses were changed from 5,000 ppm to 1,100 ppm during soil fumigation, and occupational exposure was 57.2 ppm while opening the sheets of greenhouses and below ACGIH-TLV (1 ppm) in CH_3Br ejection, piping and planting. The agricultural workers could avoid exposure to high concentrations of CH_3Br by improving in soil fumigation techniques.In order to analyze samples in environments, we have to develop the techniques to detect lower levels of CH_3Br. We have succeeded to lower the detect levels from one tenth to one fiftieth by using gas chromatograph (Hewlett Packard, HP-6890) with FID detection. Although methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) has been interested as one of alternative chemicals in soil fumigation, there are a few data for health effects and environmental loads of MITC.We have succeed to estimate exposure to MITC during soil fumigation, and some of workers complained subjective symptoms related to exposure to MITC (skin and respiratory symptoms). We have to esimate health effects and environmental loads related to MITC in field study. Less

自1985年《维也纳保护臭氧层公约》将甲基溴列为可能改变臭氧层物理化学性质的化学剂以来，甲基溴已被公认为一种常见的危害职业和环境健康的化学毒物。为了解温室土壤熏蒸过程中甲基溴(CH3Br)的暴露情况及对农业工人健康的影响，进行了现场访谈、环境监测和职业暴露。对241名农业从业人员进行了土壤熏蒸过程中与甲烷溴接触有关的工作条件和主观症状的访谈调查，并对225名农业从业人员进行了分析。对土壤熏蒸过程中的环境监测和职业暴露CH3Br进行了监测。最后，作者检查了改进土壤熏蒸技术后的CH3Br暴露水平。许多农业工作者…在没有个人防护装备的情况下，更多的人在短时间内使用了大量的CH3Br进行土壤熏蒸。地膜熏蒸显著增加了恶心的优势比。戴防毒面具会显著增加眼睛刺激、感到不适、咳嗽和对健康感到焦虑的几率比。50岁以上的人健忘和耳鸣的几率比显著增加。在土壤熏蒸过程中，温室内CH3Br浓度在5000~1100ppm之间变化，在温室揭幕时职业暴露量为57.2ppm，在CH3Br排放、管道和种植过程中低于ACGIH-TLV(1ppm)。农业工作者可以通过改进土壤熏蒸技术来避免暴露在高浓度的甲烷中，为了分析环境中的样品，必须开发检测低浓度的甲烷溴的技术。利用惠普公司生产的Hewlett Packard、HP-6890气相色谱仪，通过FID检测，将检测水平由原来的1/10降低到1/50。虽然异硫氰酸甲酯(MITC)作为土壤熏蒸的替代化学品已引起人们的兴趣，但关于MITC对健康的影响和环境负荷的数据很少。我们已经成功地估计了土壤熏蒸过程中MITC的暴露，一些工人抱怨与暴露MITC(皮肤和呼吸道症状)有关的主观症状。我们必须在实地研究中模拟与MITC相关的健康影响和环境负荷。较少

项目成果

Koda S., Kumagai S.and Ohara H.: "Heath effects of acute exposures to methyl bromide during soil fumigation inside greenhouses."Journal of Occupational health. 263-269 (2000)

Koda S.、Kumagai S. 和 Ohara H.：“温室内土壤熏蒸期间急性接触甲基溴的健康影响。”职业健康杂志。

Koda S: "Healtheffects of acute exposures to methyl bromide during soil fumigation inside green house"Journal of Occupational Health. 42. 263-269 (2000)

Koda S：“温室内土壤熏蒸期间急性接触甲基溴的健康影响”职业健康杂志。