Investigation of Tropospheric Ozone Production in Association with Biomass Burning in Southeast Asia

对流层臭氧对人类健康和包括农作物在内的植被的危害是全球大气环境的重要组成部分。它也影响气候，因为它是重要的温室气体之一。然而，臭氧的分布，其预算，因此，它对环境的影响还没有得到充分的了解。在这项研究中，在东南亚的生物质燃烧对流层臭氧的产生的影响进行了讨论。本研究包括三个部分：（一）在印度尼西亚地区，在BIBLE飞机观测活动期间观测到的臭氧变化和生物质燃烧的影响，（二）在TRACE-P飞机观测活动期间观测到的臭氧层增加和印度支那地区生物质燃烧的影响，（III）通过密集臭氧层探测仪观测到的中南半岛上空的臭氧变化和中南半岛地区生物质燃烧的影响。在BIBLE期间，O_3及其前体气体（OPG）的混合比w ...更多信息 在热带太平洋上空的高度相当低。在对流层上层，OPG在印度尼西亚东部和西部的顺风逐渐增加。而在印度尼西亚上空O_3没有增加，在经过印度尼西亚上空的气团中，在印度洋和澳大利亚北方观测到O_3增加了50%。这些结果表明，臭氧是在印度尼西亚上空受排放和对流影响的气团中产生的。在输送过程中，O_3的平均产生速率约为2ppbv/天，与光化学模式计算结果相当。这些结果表明，与生物质燃烧和闪电相关的印度尼西亚上空对流影响了印度尼西亚上空的OPG量，即使在生物质燃烧不活跃时也是如此，并且它导致了10 - 15 ppbv印度洋和澳大利亚北方上空O_3浓度增加约50%。在20N左右的副热带西太平洋和中太平洋上空，O3和OPG的增加主要发生在4km左右的高度。OPG和示踪剂之间的轨迹分析和对比分析表明，这种增加的臭氧和OPG是由于生物质燃烧在中南半岛region.A密集的臭氧探空仪观测在Sri Samrong（17 N，99 E），泰国，2003年3月至6月。观测到的臭氧混合比在整个对流层中一般超过60 ppbv，有时超过90 ppbv。在观测期间，泰国上空约4公里高度处有一个稳定的逆温层，表明生物质燃烧和工业活动排放的臭氧前体向上输送到这一层。然而，臭氧混合比并没有显示出显着的变化以上和以下这一层。结合气溶胶特征分析的气象分析表明，东南亚的生物质燃烧不仅是一个主要的臭氧源，而且来自南亚的污染物和中纬度的输送也导致了高臭氧浓度，甚至在逆温层以下。少

Tropospheric ozone is significant for global atmospheric environment because it can damage human health and vegetation including agricultural crops. It also affects climate because is one of significant greenhouse gases. However, the ozone distribution, its budget, and therefore, its influence on the environment have not been fully understood. In this study, the influence of the biomass burning in Southeast Asia on the production of the tropospheric ozone is discussed. This study consists of three parts : (I)ozone variation observed during the BIBLE aircraft observation campaigns and influence of biomass burning in the Indonesian region, (II)ozone increased layers observed during the TRACE-P aircraft observation campaign and influence of biomass burning in the Indochina region, and (III)ozone variation over Indochina observed by an intensive ozonezonde observation and influence of biomass burning in the Indochina region.During BIBLE, mixing ratios of O_3 and its precursor gases (OPG) w … More ere quite low over the tropical Pacific Ocean. In the upper troposphere, OPG gradually increased downwind in eastern and western Indonesia. While O_3 did not increased over Indonesia, it increased by 50 % in the air masses which passed over Indonesia and were observed in Indian Ocean and northern Australia. These results indicate that ozone was produced in the air masses affected by emissions and convection over Indonesia. Average O_3 production rate during transport is estimated to be about 2ppbv/day, being comparable with the photochemical model calculation. These results demonstrate that the convection over Indonesia in association with biomass burning and lightning influenced OPG amount over Indonesia, even when biomass burning was inactive, and that it caused 10-15 ppbv (about 50 %) increase of O_3 over Indian Ocean and northern Australia.During TRACE-P, increase of ozone and OPG was often observed at the altitude around 4 km over western and central Pacific in subtropical latitude at about 20N. Trajectory analyses and collation analyses between OPG and tracers indicate that this increase of ozone and OPG were attributed to the biomass burning in the Indochina region.An intensive ozonesonde observation was carried out at Sri Samrong (17N, 99E), Thailand, between March and June, 2003. Observed ozone mixing ratios generally exceeded 60 ppbv and sometimes exceeded 90 ppbv throughout the troposphere. There was a stable inversion layer at an altitude around 4 km over Thailand during the observation period, indicating that ozone precursors emitted from biomass burning and industrial activities were upwardly transported up to this layer. However, ozone mixing ratios did not show significant variation above and below this layer. Meteorological analyses combined with analyses of aerosol characteristics indicated that biomass burning in Southeast Asia was not only a dominant ozone source, but also the pollutant from South Asia and the transport from the middle latitude contributed to the high ozone concentrations, even below the inversion layer. Less