Investigation of Tropospheric Ozone Production in Association with Biomass Burning in Southeast Asia

对流层臭氧对全球大气环境具有重要意义，因为它会损害人类健康和植被，包括农作物。它还会影响气候，因为它是一种重要的温室气体。然而，臭氧的分布、预算以及它对环境的影响还没有得到充分的了解。本文讨论了东南亚生物质燃烧对对流层臭氧产生的影响。这项研究包括三个部分：(I)圣经飞机观测活动期间观测到的臭氧变化和印尼地区生物质燃烧的影响；(Ii)在TRACE-P飞机观测活动中观测到的臭氧增层和印度支那地区生物质燃烧的影响；(Iii)通过密集臭氧观测观察到的印度支那地区臭氧变化和生物质燃烧的影响。热带太平洋上空的海平面相当低。在对流层高层，OPG在印度尼西亚东部和西部的下风向逐渐增加。在印度尼西亚上空，O_3没有增加，而在印度洋和澳大利亚北部观测到的经过印度尼西亚上空的气团中，O_3增加了50%。这些结果表明，臭氧是在印度尼西亚上空受排放和对流影响的气团中产生的。输运过程中O_3的平均产生率估计约为2ppbv/天，与光化学模型计算结果相当。这些结果表明，即使在生物质燃烧不活跃的情况下，印尼上空的对流和生物质燃烧和闪电也影响了印尼上空的OPG含量，并导致印度洋和澳大利亚北部的O_3增加了10-15 ppbv(约50%)。在TRACE-P过程中，臭氧和OPG的增加通常出现在副热带纬度西太平洋和中太平洋4公里左右的海拔高度(约20N)。OPG和示踪剂之间的轨迹分析和对比分析表明，臭氧和OPG的增加归因于印度支那地区的生物质燃烧。2003年3月至6月，在泰国的SRI Samrong(17N，99E)进行了密集的臭氧探空观测。在整个对流层，观测到的臭氧混合比一般超过60ppbv，有时超过90ppbv。在观测期间，泰国上空有一个高度约4公里的稳定逆温层，表明生物质燃烧和工业活动排放的臭氧前体向上输送到这一层。然而，臭氧混合比在这一层上下并没有显示出明显的变化。气象分析结合气溶胶特征分析表明，东南亚的生物质燃烧不仅是臭氧的主要来源，也是来自南亚的污染物，来自中纬度的输送对臭氧浓度很高，甚至在逆温层以下也有贡献。较少

Tropospheric ozone is significant for global atmospheric environment because it can damage human health and vegetation including agricultural crops. It also affects climate because is one of significant greenhouse gases. However, the ozone distribution, its budget, and therefore, its influence on the environment have not been fully understood. In this study, the influence of the biomass burning in Southeast Asia on the production of the tropospheric ozone is discussed. This study consists of three parts : (I)ozone variation observed during the BIBLE aircraft observation campaigns and influence of biomass burning in the Indonesian region, (II)ozone increased layers observed during the TRACE-P aircraft observation campaign and influence of biomass burning in the Indochina region, and (III)ozone variation over Indochina observed by an intensive ozonezonde observation and influence of biomass burning in the Indochina region.During BIBLE, mixing ratios of O_3 and its precursor gases (OPG) w … More ere quite low over the tropical Pacific Ocean. In the upper troposphere, OPG gradually increased downwind in eastern and western Indonesia. While O_3 did not increased over Indonesia, it increased by 50 % in the air masses which passed over Indonesia and were observed in Indian Ocean and northern Australia. These results indicate that ozone was produced in the air masses affected by emissions and convection over Indonesia. Average O_3 production rate during transport is estimated to be about 2ppbv/day, being comparable with the photochemical model calculation. These results demonstrate that the convection over Indonesia in association with biomass burning and lightning influenced OPG amount over Indonesia, even when biomass burning was inactive, and that it caused 10-15 ppbv (about 50 %) increase of O_3 over Indian Ocean and northern Australia.During TRACE-P, increase of ozone and OPG was often observed at the altitude around 4 km over western and central Pacific in subtropical latitude at about 20N. Trajectory analyses and collation analyses between OPG and tracers indicate that this increase of ozone and OPG were attributed to the biomass burning in the Indochina region.An intensive ozonesonde observation was carried out at Sri Samrong (17N, 99E), Thailand, between March and June, 2003. Observed ozone mixing ratios generally exceeded 60 ppbv and sometimes exceeded 90 ppbv throughout the troposphere. There was a stable inversion layer at an altitude around 4 km over Thailand during the observation period, indicating that ozone precursors emitted from biomass burning and industrial activities were upwardly transported up to this layer. However, ozone mixing ratios did not show significant variation above and below this layer. Meteorological analyses combined with analyses of aerosol characteristics indicated that biomass burning in Southeast Asia was not only a dominant ozone source, but also the pollutant from South Asia and the transport from the middle latitude contributed to the high ozone concentrations, even below the inversion layer. Less