Development of cancer preventing agent using conjugated trienoic fatty acids

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We found out that conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (CEPA) and conjugated docosahexaenoic acid (CDHA) with conjugated trienoic structure, have the strongest cytotoxic effect selectively on human tumor cell lines. The incorporation of these conjugated fatty acids is sufficient to increase the sensitivity to oxidative damage that is indicative for apoptotic cell death. The CEPA with triene structure, prepared by aikaline treatment, showed intensive toxicity with DLD-1 cell (colorectal adenocarcinoma) -transplanted tumor in male athymic nude mice. The anticarcinogenic activity involved membrane phospholipid peroxidation. CEPA induced DNA fragmentation in DLD-1 cell-transplanted tumor in nude mice, indicating the involvement of apoptosis in the anticarcinogenic mechanism.The occurrence of a significant amount of 9, 11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 9, 11-18:2) was confirmed in the liver and plasma lipids of rats fed a 1% (w/w % of diet) eleostearic acid (ESA, 9, 11, 13-18:3) diet. The chemical structure of 9, 11-CLA was identified by gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry after its conversion to a 4, 4-dimethyloxazoline derivative. The concentration of CLA in the total fatty acids of the liver and plasma lipids reached to 1% for each in the CLA-supplemented rats, while reaching 3.2% and 2.5%, respectively, in the ESA-supplemented rats. The α-ESA was shown to be metabolized partially to CLA via a delta 13-saturation reaction in the rat. Some biological activities observed in α-ESA-fed animals may be ascribed also to CLA that is formed from ESA in the body.