Orientation & Mobility training and Materials for Young Blind and Visually Impaired Children

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Hearing, touching and moving are of primary importance for blind and visually impaired children who experience the world without sight or with partial vision. Movement and mobility will especially expand the blind children's world. Although the value of teaching mobility skills to young blind and visually impaired children has recently been recognized by teachers in blind schools and Orientation & Mobility specialists, empirical evidence or academic research in support of their services is lacking, especially in Japan. For making the good approach to Orientation and Mobility training for blind and visually impaired children, in this study three topics were reviewed. There are (1)maps for blind and visually impaired children, (2)individual differences of spatial abilities in blind and visually impaired person, (3)Orientation and Mobility training for blind and visually impaired children. And a longitudinal study was conducted an early-blind-child who have used tactile maps and long canes to investigate the effect of mobility training for young blind children using materials for understanding space.