Orientation and Mobility training for visually impaired and blind children, and a research of alternative mobility devices

视障和盲童的定向和移动训练以及替代移动设备的研究

• 批准号: 10410034
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Toshikazu
• 金额: $ 6.02万
• 依托单位: Osaka Kyoiku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10410034/
• 关键词: blind children; visual impairment; Orientation and Mobility; spatial ability; Alternative Mobility Devices; 歩行補助具; 子ども; 白杖; 移動; プリケーン; 発達; 移動訓練; 身体運動; バンジー訓練; 動作解析; パンジー訓練

This research examined the effectivity of Orientation ＆ Mobility training to visually impaired and blind children. Moreover, the training tools which are useful to walking of visually impaired and blind children were examined. In Chapter 1, the feature of the spacial cognition which visually impaired and blind children was considered. Some of the studies conducted on visually impaired children indicate that the range of space sensed by these children is smaller than that sensed by sighted children. In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, an approach of bungee training was proposed as a method of conquering this problem.The experiment, which used a long rubber strap with its one end attached to a child's body and the other end to an object, demonstrated that the child, who moved around an object in this state, could experience wider range of space than when he used tactile, auditory and motional senses alone. In Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, the newest method of O＆M training for adults was shown. In order to apply the O＆M training method developed for adults to O＆M of children, in Chapter 6, a O＆M training curriculum was proposed! The difference with adult's case was pulling out a child's interest and making a child gain an everyday saptial experience. Moreover in this chapter, AMDs (alternative mobility devices) developed through this research were introduced. In Chapter 5, the measure of movement development of a blind child was made by digitizing and recording body movement. Seven kinds of body movements, such as a walk and hopping, were measured. The feature that the center of gravity remains behind the body was shown in the movement posture of th'e blind child. Since record of body movement of blind child has measured only two years, the necessity of continuing this record was discussed. And, the possibility as the method of measuring movement of blind children was discussed.

本研究旨在探讨定向与行动训练对视障及盲童的成效。此外，还探讨了对视障儿童和盲童步行有用的训练工具。第一章研究了视障盲童空间认知的特点。对视力受损儿童进行的一些研究表明，这些儿童感觉到的空间范围小于视力正常的儿童。在第1章和第2章中，为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种蹦极训练的方法。在实验中，将一根长橡皮带一端系在儿童身上，另一端系在物体上。实验结果表明，在这种状态下，儿童围绕物体移动，比单独使用触觉、听觉和运动感觉时，可以体验到更大的空间范围。在第三章和第四章中，展示了成人O&M培训的最新方法。为了将成人的操作与维护训练方法应用于儿童的操作与维护，在第六章中，提出了一个操作与维护训练课程。与成人不同的是，它能激发儿童的兴趣，使儿童获得日常生活的体验。此外，本章还介绍了通过本研究开发的替代移动设备。第五章通过数字化记录盲童的身体动作，对盲童的动作发展进行了测量。七种身体运动，如步行和跳跃，进行了测量。盲童的运动姿势表现出重心在身体后方的特点。由于盲童的身体运动记录只有两年的时间，本文讨论了继续记录盲童身体运动的必要性。并对该方法作为盲童运动测量的可行性进行了探讨。

项目成果

山本 利和: "視覚障害者の歩行環境に関する事例報告"発達人間学論叢. 3. 71-81 (2000)

Toshikazu Yamamoto：“视障人士步行环境的案例报告”发展人类研究系列3. 71-81 (2000)。

芝田 裕一: "視覚障害者のリハビリテーションと生活訓練"日本ライトハウス養成部. (2000)

柴田雄一：“视障人士的康复和日常生活训练”日本灯塔训练俱乐部（2000）。

山本利和: "視覚障害者の心理と発達"児童心理学の進歩2000年版,金子書房. 205-224 (2000)

Toshikazu Yamamoto：“视障者的心理学和发展”儿童心理学进展 2000 年版，Kaneko Shobo 205-224 (2000)。

山本利和: "視覚障害者にとっての街角のサイン"発達人間学論叢. 4. 19-22 (2001)

Toshikazu Yamamoto：“视障人士的街角标志”人类发展研究系列。4. 19-22 (2001)

芝田 裕一: "生活訓練と心理リハビリテーション"あたらしい眼科. 18(1). 171-176 (2001)

Yuichi Shibata：“生活方式训练和心理康复”新眼科18（1）（2001）。