Sustainable Development and Environmental Preservation of Tropical Wetland in the Pantanal, Brazil

这一时期的主要研究成果可以总结如下：利用便携式GPS对1760ha Fazenda Baia Bonita样区进行大地测量，获得了样区生物群落类型的分布特征。结果确定了12种生物群落类型的马赛克分布。各种生物群落类型的形成是由于植物对地形起伏的生态适应和演替，以及河流流入水量、洪水持续时间、土壤肥力和地下水积累影响等物理条件的显著差异。环境条件基本建立在河流水位的季节变化上，最高可达2米左右。潘塔纳尔地区地下水排放对湿地生态系统具有重要意义。确定了高HCO_3水型和低HCO_3水型两种地下水排放系统。生态旅游的快速发展，广泛造成了野生动物屠杀、森林砍伐、水污染、外来生物入侵、渔业资源枯竭等各种严重的环境问题。

Principal research results in the period concerned can be summarized as follows.1.The distributions of biotope types in sample area, Fazenda Baia Bonita (1760ha), were obtained from geodetic field survey with potable GPS. As that result, the mosaic distribution of 12 biotope types were identified.2.The formation of the various biotope types is attributed to the ecological adaptations and succession of plants for the landform relief and the remarkable differences of physical conditions, e.g., amount of water inflow from rivers, duration of inundation, soil fertility, and influence of groundwater accumulation. The environmental conditions are basically founded on seasonal changes in the river's water level coming up to some 2m at its maximum.3.In Pantanal, groundwater discharge is quite significant for wetland ecosystem. Two groundwater discharge systems, i.e., high HCO_3 water type and low HCO_3 water type, are identified.4.Various and severe environmental problems, e.g., slaughter of wild animals, deforestation, water pollution, biological invasion from the outside, exhaustion of fishery resource, are widely caused by rapid development of ecotourism.