Comprehensive Strategy for Environmental Conservation of Tropical Wetland in the Pantanal, Brazil

我们在巴西南潘塔纳尔的Necolandia进行了植物生态学、水文循环、畜牧业和生态旅游等方面的研究。这一时期的主要成果可以概括为以下几个方面。以Necolandia的Fazenda Baia Bonita湿地为例，描述了传统湿地管理下半自然植被的结构和组成。在调查的20个样方中，我们记录了41种乔木和43种草本植物。植被格局与水位和微地形的季节变化有关。随着空间结构的发展，植被结构和组成逐渐发生变化。采用野外调查和数值模拟相结合的方法，对南潘塔纳尔湿地地表水与地下水的混合状况进行了分析。阐明了浅层地下水的化学成分受现今地质条件和古河道的控制。牛的放牧行为的详细数据对于估计放牧能力是至关重要的，而放牧能力是可持续放牧的基础。我们使用手持GPS和咬合计数环系统来检测奶牛的放牧行为。因此，我们通过土地分类明确了奶牛的迁徙和牧草摄取(颌骨运动)。我们以南潘塔纳尔为例考察了湿地的生态旅游。因此，由于生态旅游的迅速引入，导致了休闲渔业的衰落、管理基地的脆弱、野生动物的宰杀、森林砍伐、水污染、渔业资源枯竭、外来物种倒置等问题。

We conducted several researches on plant ecology, hydrological cycle, stock farming and ecotourism in the Necolandia, South Pantanal of Brazil. The major results during the said period can be summarized as follows.1. The structure and the composition of semi-natural vegetation under the traditional wetland management were described at Fazenda Baia Bonita in Necolandia as the sample. We recorded 41 tree species and 43 herbaceous species in the 20 surveyed quadrats. Vegetation patterns are related to seasonal changes in water level and micro topography. The vegetation structure and composition gradually changed with the degree of development of spatial structure.2. The mixing of surface water and groundwater in the wetland of South Pantanal was analyzed by field survey and numerical modeling. As a result, it was clarified that the chemical components of shallow groundwater are controlled by the geological conditions at the present and palaeo river channel.3. Detailed data on the grazing behavior of cattle is vital for the estimation of grazing capacity, which is the basis for the sustainable grazing. We examined the grazing behavior of cows by using handheld GPS and a bite counter collar system. As a result, we clarified the cow's migration and herbage intake (jaw movement) by land classification.4. We examined the ecotourism of the wetland from the case of the South Pantanal. As a result, many problems, e.g., declining sports fishing, fragile management bases, slaughter of wild animals, deforestation, water pollution, exhaustion of fishery resource, inversion of exotic species are caused by rapid introduction of ecotourism.