Research on diversity of the opsin genes of long-tail macaques in Java Island

爪哇岛长尾猕猴视蛋白基因多样性研究

• 批准号: 14405018
• 负责人: MIKAMI Akichika
• 金额: $ 9.34万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14405018/
• 关键词: Color vision; Color Vision Deficiency; DNA; Macaca fascicularis; Indonesia; Shape Discrimination; International collaboration; Chimpanzee; 色弱; タイ

We analyzed variations in long (L) and middle (M) wavelength sensitive opsin gene loci in long tailed macaques. Unlike humans most monkeys have a single L and a single M gene. Three variant genotypes, one with only one opsin gene (dichromatic), one with L-opsin gene that has M type exon3 and one with tandemly arrayed multiple genes, were also found in the monkeys. However, the frequency of the dichromat was 0.47 %, and that of the tandemly arrayed multiple M opsin genes was 5 % in the monkeys, while 2% and 66 %, respectively in Caucasian males. The two variants were found only in Java Island Indonesia, and the third variant was found only in South Thailand. The data suggest that the frequency of each genotype is different among Old World primates. To add data to solve the evolution of color vision, we also determined the L- and M-opsin genes in 58 male chimpanzees. One subject had protanomalous color vision, while others had normal color vision. Unlike in humans, a polymorphic difference in the copy number of the genes and a polymorphic base substitution at amino acid position 180 were not frequently observed in chimpanzees. Then we tested the advantage of the color deficiency in monkeys, chimps and humans. We found the advantage in shape discrimination in color camouflaged condition. Data suggested the several factors in addition to the selection pressure to determine the low rate of color vision deficiency in monkeys and chimpanzees.

我们分析了长尾猕猴的长（L）和中（M）波长敏感视蛋白基因位点的变异。与人类不同，大多数猴子只有一个L和一个M基因。在猴子中还发现了三种变异基因型，一种只有一个视蛋白基因（二色性），一种具有M型外显子3的L-视蛋白基因，另一种具有串联排列的多个基因。然而，二色视物的频率为0.47%，串联排列的多个M视蛋白基因在猴子中的频率为5%，而在高加索男性中分别为2%和66%。这两个变种只在印度尼西亚爪哇岛发现，第三个变种只在泰国南部发现。这些数据表明，每个基因型的频率是不同的旧世界灵长类动物。为了增加解决色觉进化的数据，我们还确定了58只雄性黑猩猩的L-和M-视蛋白基因。一名受试者有异常色觉，而其他受试者有正常色觉。与人类不同的是，在黑猩猩中并不经常观察到基因拷贝数的多态性差异和氨基酸位置180的多态性碱基替换。然后，我们在猴子、黑猩猩和人类身上测试了颜色缺乏的优势。我们发现在颜色重叠条件下，形状识别的优势。数据表明，除了选择压力之外，还有几个因素决定了猴子和黑猩猩的色觉缺陷率较低。

项目成果

Identification of a protanomalous chimpanzee by molecular genetic and electroretinogram analyses

通过分子遗传学和视网膜电图分析鉴定原始异常黑猩猩

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Vision Research 45
• 作者: Terao;K.
• 通讯作者: K.

Demonstration of genotype-phenotype correlation in polymorphic color vision of a non-callitrichine New World monkey, capuchin Cebus paella

非卡利特里碱新世界猴卷尾猴 Cebus paella 多态性色觉基因型-表型相关性的论证

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: American Journal of Primatology (in press)
• 作者: Saitou;A.
• 通讯作者: A.

Saitou, A: "The behavioral evidence of the color vision deficiency in a protanomalia chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)"Primates. (in press). (2003)

Saitou，A：“原始黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）色觉缺陷的行为证据”灵长类动物。

Identification of a protanomalous chimpanzee by molecular genetic and electroretinogram analyses.

通过分子遗传和视网膜电图分析鉴定原始异常黑猩猩。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Vision Research 45
• 作者: Terao;K.;Mikami;A.;Saito;A.;Itoh;S.;Ogawa;H.;Takenaka;O.;Sakai;T.;A.;Teramoto;M.;Udono;T.;Emi;Y.;Kobayashi;H.;Imai;H.;Shichida;Y.;Koike;S.
• 通讯作者: S.

Advantage of dichromats over trichromats in discrimination of color-camouflaged stimuli in nonhuman primates

• DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20197
• 发表时间: 2005-12-01
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Saito, A;Mikami, A;Hasegawa, T
• 通讯作者: Hasegawa, T