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Development of Cryopreservation Technique and Its Diffusion in South-east Asia for Conservation of Tropical Plant Germplasms Useful for Search for Bioactive Metabolites.

低温保存技术的发展及其在东南亚的传播，用于保护热带植物种质，有助于寻找生物活性代谢物。

基本信息

批准号：
14406031
负责人：
MIYAMOTO Kazuhisa
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research, we investigated the cryopreservation techniques generally applicable to tropical germplasms of photosynthetic organisms such as higher plants and microalgae useful for searching novel bioactive metabolites in Pharmaceutical Science field. We also attempted to diffuse these techniques in South-east Asian countries in which ecosystem in rainforest is rapidly destructed by environmental pollution many precious species of higher plants and microalgae are on the way to extinction.As a fundamental research using plant root and green alga, we found a phytohormone, abscisic acid(ABA), could induce tolerance to dehydration and then freezing. ABA-pretreatment increased the survival rates in these materials after freezing in liquid nitrogen. We applied this pretreatment to several plants and algae and succeeded their cryopreservation.We attempted to search novel bioactive metabolites in microalgae in those areas under cooperation with foreign researchers. Several metabolites showing strong growth inhibitory activities and a biosurfactant could be isolated from freshwater cyanobacteria isolated in Thailand and Indonesia.Finally, we made efforts to diffuse the developed cryopreservation techniques in Thailand and Indonesia as generally applicable ones for conservation of useful tropical plant and algal germplasms. We visited these countries several times and gave lectures and technical workshops to encourage the consciousness for importance of tropical germplasms and increase the individual techniques of cryopreservation.

在这项研究中，我们研究了普遍适用于高等植物和微藻等光合生物热带种质的冷冻保存技术，有助于在药物科学领域寻找新型生物活性代谢物。我们还尝试在东南亚国家推广这些技术，这些国家的雨林生态系统因环境污染而迅速遭到破坏，许多珍贵的高等植物和微藻物种正濒临灭绝。作为利用植物根和绿藻的基础研究，我们发现了一种植物激素脱落酸（ABA）可以诱导对脱水和冷冻的耐受性。 ABA 预处理提高了这些材料在液氮中冷冻后的存活率。我们将这种预处理应用于几种植物和藻类，并成功地对其进行了冷冻保存。我们试图与国外研究人员合作，在这些领域的微藻中寻找新的生物活性代谢物。从泰国和印度尼西亚分离的淡水蓝藻中可以分离出几种表现出强生长抑制活性的代谢物和生物表面活性剂。最后，我们努力在泰国和印度尼西亚推广发达的冷冻保存技术，作为保存有用的热带植物和藻类种质的普遍适用的技术。我们多次访问这些国家并举办讲座和技术研讨会，以鼓励人们认识热带种质的重要性并提高个人冷冻保存技术。