Reutilization of environmental pollutants in Southeast Asia

该项目的目的是改进适合东南亚发展中国家的环保新技术。由于泰国是该地区最发达的发展中国家之一，因此对环境状况进行了调查。此外，泰国还收集了有用的生物资源。利用这些生物对环境污染物的处理和生物质的再利用技术进行了研究。以丝状蓝藻（polypothrix tenuis）为研究对象，在泰国获得的17种蓝藻菌株中，该菌株表现出较高的Cd耐受性，具有最高的Cd去除能力。在较宽的温度和ph范围内，田径鱼对Cd的吸附能力是一致的，这表明田径鱼可能适用于某些室外环境下地表水和地下水中Cd的去除。利用嗜热藻类藻TS-821对CO_2进行了高效转化。通过改变CO_2浓度、光照强度和组分的数量来确定菌株的密集培养条件。同时测定细胞中蛋白质、糖和脂质的含量。从冻干细胞洗涤液中纯化藻蓝蛋白。利用从池塘中分离出来的絮凝藻垫，研究了废水中磷和氮的同时去除。在细胞循环系统连续培养中，稀释率为1.0 d^<-1>，成功地去除了废水中的磷和氮。经过4周的适应期，系统达到稳定状态，对磷和氮的去除率分别达到70%和50%左右。为了评价曼谷市的水环境污染，对湄南河和工厂周围运河中几种淡水鱼的肝脏金属硫蛋白（MT）诱导进行了评价。湄南河中的鲶鱼和吸盘以及运河中常见的攀缘鲈和三斑gourami的肝脏MT水平较高，表明环境发生了一些恶化。少

The objective of this project is to improve the new technology for environmental protection, which is suitable for the developing countries in the Southeast Asia. As Thailand is one of most developing countries in the area, the environmental condition was searched. In addition, the useful biological resources are collected in Thailand. Using these organisms, the technology for treatment of environmental pollutant and reuse of biomass are investigated as follows.Cadmium removal was investigated using the filamentous cyanobacterium, Tolypothrix tenuis, which exhibited a high level of Cd tolerance and had the highest Cd removal ability among 17 cyanobacterial strains obtained in Thailand. T.tenuis showed consistent Cd-adsorption ability over a wide range of temperature and pH.These results suggest that T.tenuis may be applicable to the removal of Cd from surface and ground water in certain outdoor situations.Efficient conversion of CO_2 into organic material was attempted by using a therm … More ophilic algae, Chroococcidiopsis sp.strain TS-821. Condition for dense culture of the strain was determined by changing CO_2 concentration, light intensity and the amount of components. Content of protein, sugar, and lipid in the cells was also measured. Phycocyanin was purified from the washings of freeze-dried cells.Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater was studied utilizing a flocculated algal mat that had been isolated from a pond. The removal of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater was successful in a continuous culture with cell recycle system at a dilution rate of 1.0 d^<-1>. After a 4 week adaptation period, the system arrived in steady state and the removal rates of phosphorus and nitrogen were about 70% and 50%, respectively.To evaluate aquatic environmental pollutions in Bangkok, hepatic Metallothionein (MT) induction was evaluated in several kinds of fresh-water fishes in Chao Phraya river and in canals around the factories. Catfish and sucker in Chao Phraya river and common climbing perch and three spot gourami in canals showed relatively high levels of hepatic MT,indicating some environmental changes to the worse. Less