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Microalgal removal of hazardous chemicals in the environment

微藻去除环境中的有害化学物质

基本信息

批准号：
11672227
负责人：
MIYAMOTO Kazuhisa
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Recently, a variety of chemicals are produced and afterwards discharged in the environment. Some of these chemicals have injurious effects in human health and ecosystem, and they cause a serious social problem. We proposed the utilization of the function of microalgae as a method for the environmental bioremediation. It seems to be very useful to use photosynthetic microalgae for the restoration of the polluted environment, because microalgae can grow under the poor nutrition conditions by utilizing the solar energy. In this study, the basic research for the development of efficient removal systems of heavy metals and hazardous organic compounds in the environment was carried out.1. The heavy metal removal from environmental water by microalgae. Effects of light, agitation, pH, tempenature and medium composition on the cadmium removal were examined using microalgae, and optimal conditions for high cadmium removal was obtained. Then, the effect of Na^+, K^+, Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+>, which are abundantly found in environmental water such as ground water and seawater, on the heavy metal removal was examined. It was found that the removal ability of microalgae was lowered by Ca^<2+> or Mg^<2+>. In order to enhance selective cadmium removal, various pretreatments of algal cells were investigated, and treatment of the algal cells with sodium hydroxide was effective to remove the cadmium in the presence of Ca^<2+> or Mg^<2+>.2. The preliminary study on the decomposition of hazandous organic compounds. Microalgae were screened for the removal of the hazardous organic compounds such as chlorophenols and nitrophenols. Several microalgae that have high removal ability were obtained for the further studies.

近年来，各种化学品被生产并随后排放到环境中。这些化学品中的一些对人类健康和生态系统具有有害影响，并引起严重的社会问题。提出了利用微藻的功能进行环境生物修复的方法。利用光合微藻在低营养条件下利用太阳能进行生长，对污染环境的修复具有重要意义。本研究为开发环境中重金属和有害有机物的高效去除系统进行了基础研究.微藻去除环境水体中重金属的研究。考察了光照、搅拌、pH、温度和培养基组成等因素对微藻去除镉的影响，得到了微藻高效去除镉的最佳条件。然后，考察了地下水和海水等环境水体中大量存在的Na^+、K^+、Ca^2+和Mg^2+对重金属去除的影响。结果表明，Ca^<2+>和Mg^<2+>均会降低微藻的去除能力.为了提高藻细胞对镉的选择性去除，研究了藻细胞的各种预处理方法，发现在Ca^<2+>或Mg^<2+>存在的情况下，用氢氧化钠处理藻细胞对镉的去除效果较好.有害有机物分解的初步研究。筛选出去除氯酚、硝基酚等有害有机物的微藻。筛选出了几株去除能力较强的微藻，为进一步的研究奠定了基础。