Urgent revaluation on disturbance of the biological diversity and the environmental indicator by introduced dandelions

紧急重新评估引进蒲公英对生物多样性和环境指标的干扰

• 批准号: 14580563
• 负责人: OGAWA Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: TOKYO GAKUGEI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14580563/
• 关键词: dandelion (Taraxacum); hybrid; native species; introduced species; seed germination; election of growth site; bio-diversity; environmental indicator; 倍数性; DNA判定; 生育地分布; 生態

The method of distinguishing the crossbreed of Japanese diploid and introduced dandelion was developed through combining analysis of chloroplast DNA marker, nuclear DNA marker and relative amounts of DNA by flow site meter. Results of survey in Niigata Pref. and Tokyo were as follows; on Taxaxacum officinale, there were three types of crossbreeds, triploid, tetraploid and the type of mono sexual reproduction with male nucleus. In Niigata, tetraploid hybrid accounted for 49% and pure introduced type did only 18%. In Tokyo, triploid accounted for 57% and pure type was of 12%.Thermo-germination of seeds from a population just introduced into Japan and hybrids showed the temperature region extended to the high temperature side a little about than the native species, t.platycarpum. The pure type of introduced dandelion and crossbreeds developed the leaves in summer as well as the existing "introduced dandelion". Hybrids appeared in many land-uses without a special selection, while the native species appeared favorably in the farmland and the soil bank, etc. Therefore, a past environmental index of "introduced dandelions" is applicable to hybrids except small case of hybrids with 'various ecological characteristics.

通过将叶绿体DNA标记物，核DNA标记和DNA相对量的分析结合在一起，从流量表组合了分析日本二倍体和引入蒲公英的杂交方法。 Niigata Pref的调查结果。东京如下；在TaxaxaCum Officinale上，有三种类型的杂交，三倍体，四倍体和与雄性核的单声道性繁殖类型。在Niigata中，四倍体杂种占49％，而Pure引入的类型仅为18％。在东京，三倍体占57％，纯型为12％。刚刚引入日本的种群的种子对种子的欲望为12％，杂种表明温度区域延伸到高温侧，大约比天然物种t.platycarpum。引入的蒲公英和杂交的纯种类型在夏季开发了叶子，以及现有的“引入的蒲公英”。杂种出现在许多土地上，没有特殊选择，而本地物种在农田和土壤库中都很有利。因此，过去的“引入蒲公英”的过去环境指数适用于杂种，除了具有各种生态特征的杂种小例外。