Studies on improvement of wild Rubus species native to Japan and it's application to horticulture

日本野生悬钩子改良及其在园艺中的应用研究

• 批准号: 10660038
• 负责人: KOMATSU Haruki
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU TOKAI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660038/
• 关键词: Rubus; gene resource; wild species; flower bud differentiation; fruit growth; plant hormone; breeding; interspecific hybrid; ブラックベリー; 果実の成熟; 呼吸量; エチレン; ラズベリー; フローサイトメーター; RAPD法; プラックベリー; 果実の成長; 集合果; オーキシン(IAA); ジベレリン; ABA; 野生キイチゴ; 花粉

In order to establish some bramble cultivars adaptable to Japan, we collected 52 wild species native to Japan (28) or foreign countries (24), 12 Raspberry and 6 Blackberry cultivars and 18 unknown species of Rubus. The ecological and physiological studies on flower bud differentiation, characteristics of blooming and hruit ripening and hruit growth of some Rubus species were investigated. And we also tried to obtain some interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus. The results are as follows.Flower bud initiation of Rubus crategifolius started at August and the stamen primordia in the terminal flower were differentiated within the year. Flowering and yielding periods on the bearing shoots came out from upper part of the main floricane were earlier than those of lower part in Blackberry "Merton"The size and fresh weight of seven wild Rubus species at maturity were smaller than those of three Blackberry cultivars. Compared with Blackberry and Raspberry cultivars, however, the total sugar contents in berries of some wild Rubus species were higher and the total organic acid contents were lower at maturity stage.The aggregate fruits of some wild Rubus species and Blackberry cultivars showed double sigmoid growth curve. Total cytokinin-like activity, IAA content and total gibberellin-like activity in fruit increased at the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of fruit development respectively. ABA content in hruit was high at bloom, decreasing gradually to a low level at the second phase, thereafter increase slightly during fruit maturation again. Both ethylene and CO_2 exhaustion from fruit increased dramatically during ripening.Further we obtained many interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus native to Japan. These hybrids will be evaluate in breeding program in the near future.

为了建立适合日本的黑莓品种，我们收集了52种日本本土和国外的野生品种（28种），12个树莓品种和6个黑莓品种，以及18个未知的红莓品种。对一些红莓属植物的花芽分化、开花和果实成熟特征以及果实生长进行了生态生理学研究。我们还尝试在野生种之间以及黑莓或覆盆子栽培品种与某些野生种之间获得种间杂交。结果如下：山楂的花芽形成始于8月，顶生花的雄蕊原基在一年内分化。“默顿”黑莓主花枝上部出苞的开花和产花期均早于花枝下部出苞的开花和产花期，7个野生红莓品种成熟时的大小和鲜重均小于3个黑莓品种。与黑莓和覆盆子品种相比，某些野生红莓品种成熟期果实中总糖含量较高，总有机酸含量较低。部分野生红莓品种和黑莓品种的果实总和呈双s型生长曲线。果实总细胞分裂素样活性、IAA含量和总赤霉素样活性分别在果实发育的第一期、第二期和第三期增加。果实中ABA含量在开花时较高，在第二阶段逐渐下降至较低水平，随后在果实成熟过程中又略有增加。果实的乙烯和CO_2耗竭在成熟过程中显著增加。此外，我们还获得了野生种之间以及黑莓或覆盆子品种与一些日本本土野生种之间的种间杂交。这些杂交品种将在不久的将来进行育种评价。