Studies on improvement of wild Rubus species native to Japan and it's application to horticulture

日本野生悬钩子改良及其在园艺中的应用研究

• 批准号: 10660038
• 负责人: KOMATSU Haruki
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU TOKAI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660038/
• 关键词: Rubus; gene resource; wild species; flower bud differentiation; fruit growth; plant hormone; breeding; interspecific hybrid; ブラックベリー; 果実の成熟; 呼吸量; エチレン; ラズベリー; フローサイトメーター; RAPD法; プラックベリー; 果実の成長; 集合果; オーキシン(IAA); ジベレリン; ABA; 野生キイチゴ; 花粉

In order to establish some bramble cultivars adaptable to Japan, we collected 52 wild species native to Japan (28) or foreign countries (24), 12 Raspberry and 6 Blackberry cultivars and 18 unknown species of Rubus. The ecological and physiological studies on flower bud differentiation, characteristics of blooming and hruit ripening and hruit growth of some Rubus species were investigated. And we also tried to obtain some interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus. The results are as follows.Flower bud initiation of Rubus crategifolius started at August and the stamen primordia in the terminal flower were differentiated within the year. Flowering and yielding periods on the bearing shoots came out from upper part of the main floricane were earlier than those of lower part in Blackberry "Merton"The size and fresh weight of seven wild Rubus species at maturity were smaller than those of three Blackberry cultivars. Compared with Blackberry and Raspberry cultivars, however, the total sugar contents in berries of some wild Rubus species were higher and the total organic acid contents were lower at maturity stage.The aggregate fruits of some wild Rubus species and Blackberry cultivars showed double sigmoid growth curve. Total cytokinin-like activity, IAA content and total gibberellin-like activity in fruit increased at the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of fruit development respectively. ABA content in hruit was high at bloom, decreasing gradually to a low level at the second phase, thereafter increase slightly during fruit maturation again. Both ethylene and CO_2 exhaustion from fruit increased dramatically during ripening.Further we obtained many interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus native to Japan. These hybrids will be evaluate in breeding program in the near future.

为了建立一些适合日本的炖肉品种，我们收集了日本原产地的52种野生物种（28）或国外（24），12个覆盆子和6种黑莓品种以及18种未知的Rubus物种。研究了一些关于花芽分化的生态和生理研究，一些鲁布斯物种的盛开和成熟的特征和Hruit成熟的特征。我们还试图在野生物种中以及黑莓或覆盆子品种以及一些野生种类的鲁布斯物种之间获得一些种间杂种。结果如下。rubus crategifolius的流芽启动始于八月，末端花的雄蕊原发性在一年内得到了区别。轴承芽的开花和屈服时间从主要植物体的上部出来的早于BlackBerry“ Merton”的下部早于Blackberry“ Merton”的大小和新鲜重量的成熟时的大小和新鲜重量小于三个黑莓品种的大小和新鲜重量。然而，与黑莓和覆盆子品种相比，某些野生rubus物种的浆果中的总糖含量较高，并且在成熟期的总有机酸含量较低。某些野生rubus物种和黑莓品种的聚集果实显示出双乙状体的生长曲线。在第一阶段，第二阶段和果实发育的第三阶段，果实中的总细胞分裂素样活性，IAA含量和总gberellin样活性增加。 Hruit中的ABA含量在Bloom时很高，在第二阶段逐渐降低到低水平，此后在水果成熟期间再次略有增加。在成熟过程中，水果的乙烯和CO_2精疲力尽。这些杂种将在不久的将来在育种计划中进行评估。