Studies on improvement of wild Rubus species native to Japan and it's application to horticulture

日本野生悬钩子改良及其在园艺中的应用研究

• 批准号: 10660038
• 负责人: KOMATSU Haruki
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU TOKAI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660038/
• 关键词: Rubus; gene resource; wild species; flower bud differentiation; fruit growth; plant hormone; breeding; interspecific hybrid; ブラックベリー; 果実の成熟; 呼吸量; エチレン; ラズベリー; フローサイトメーター; RAPD法; プラックベリー; 果実の成長; 集合果; オーキシン(IAA); ジベレリン; ABA; 野生キイチゴ; 花粉

In order to establish some bramble cultivars adaptable to Japan, we collected 52 wild species native to Japan (28) or foreign countries (24), 12 Raspberry and 6 Blackberry cultivars and 18 unknown species of Rubus. The ecological and physiological studies on flower bud differentiation, characteristics of blooming and hruit ripening and hruit growth of some Rubus species were investigated. And we also tried to obtain some interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus. The results are as follows.Flower bud initiation of Rubus crategifolius started at August and the stamen primordia in the terminal flower were differentiated within the year. Flowering and yielding periods on the bearing shoots came out from upper part of the main floricane were earlier than those of lower part in Blackberry "Merton"The size and fresh weight of seven wild Rubus species at maturity were smaller than those of three Blackberry cultivars. Compared with Blackberry and Raspberry cultivars, however, the total sugar contents in berries of some wild Rubus species were higher and the total organic acid contents were lower at maturity stage.The aggregate fruits of some wild Rubus species and Blackberry cultivars showed double sigmoid growth curve. Total cytokinin-like activity, IAA content and total gibberellin-like activity in fruit increased at the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of fruit development respectively. ABA content in hruit was high at bloom, decreasing gradually to a low level at the second phase, thereafter increase slightly during fruit maturation again. Both ethylene and CO_2 exhaustion from fruit increased dramatically during ripening.Further we obtained many interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus native to Japan. These hybrids will be evaluate in breeding program in the near future.

为了建立一些适合日本的树莓品种，我们收集了52个日本（28）和外国（24）的野生种，12个树莓和6个黑莓品种和18个未知种的悬钩子。对悬钩子属部分种的花芽分化、开花和果实成熟特性及果实生长进行了生理生态学研究。并尝试获得了悬钩子属野生种间及黑莓、树莓栽培品种与悬钩子属野生种间的种间杂种。结果表明：悬钩子花芽分化始于8月，顶花雄蕊原基分化于当年。默顿黑莓（Blackberry“Merton“）主花序上部结果枝的开花期和结果期均早于下部结果枝。7种野生悬钩子成熟时的大小和鲜重均小于3个黑莓品种。与黑莓和树莓品种相比，部分野生悬钩子果实成熟期总糖含量较高，总有机酸含量较低，部分野生悬钩子果实和黑莓品种果实的聚合体生长曲线呈双S型。果实中类细胞分裂素总活性、IAA含量和类赤霉素总活性分别在果实发育的第一、第二和第三阶段升高。果实中阿坝含量在开花期较高，到第二阶段逐渐下降至较低水平，以后在果实成熟期又略有上升。在果实成熟过程中，乙烯和CO_2的消耗量都急剧增加，并获得了许多野生种间杂种和黑莓、树莓与日本野生种间杂种。这些杂种将在不久的将来在育种计划中进行评估。