Studies on improvement of wild Rubus species native to Japan and it's application to horticulture

为了建立适合日本的树莓品种，我们收集了52种野生树莓(28种)和国外野生树莓(24种)，树莓品种12种，黑莓品种6种，悬钩子属未知种18种。对悬钩子属部分树种的花芽分化、开花成熟特性和果穗生长进行了生态生理研究。此外，我们还试图获得一些野生树种间以及黑莓和树莓品种与悬钩子属野生种之间的杂种。结果表明，刺果悬钩子的花芽分化始于8月，顶花雄蕊原基在当年分化完成。黑莓“默顿”主花序上部结果枝开花结实期早于下部，7个野生悬钩子品种成熟期大小和鲜重均小于3个黑莓品种。与黑莓和覆盆子品种相比，部分野生悬钩子果实在成熟期果实中总糖含量较高，总有机酸含量较低，部分野生悬钩子和黑莓品种果实的聚集态生长曲线呈双S形。果实总细胞分裂素活性、IAA含量和总赤霉素活性分别在果实发育的第一阶段、第二阶段和第三阶段增加。Hruit的ABA含量在盛花期较高，第二阶段逐渐下降至较低水平，随后在果实再次成熟时略有增加。果实在成熟过程中乙烯和CO_2的消耗急剧增加。此外，我们还获得了许多野生树种之间以及黑莓和树莓品种与一些原产于日本的野生树莓之间的种间杂交。这些杂交种将在近期的育种计划中进行鉴定。

In order to establish some bramble cultivars adaptable to Japan, we collected 52 wild species native to Japan (28) or foreign countries (24), 12 Raspberry and 6 Blackberry cultivars and 18 unknown species of Rubus. The ecological and physiological studies on flower bud differentiation, characteristics of blooming and hruit ripening and hruit growth of some Rubus species were investigated. And we also tried to obtain some interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus. The results are as follows.Flower bud initiation of Rubus crategifolius started at August and the stamen primordia in the terminal flower were differentiated within the year. Flowering and yielding periods on the bearing shoots came out from upper part of the main floricane were earlier than those of lower part in Blackberry "Merton"The size and fresh weight of seven wild Rubus species at maturity were smaller than those of three Blackberry cultivars. Compared with Blackberry and Raspberry cultivars, however, the total sugar contents in berries of some wild Rubus species were higher and the total organic acid contents were lower at maturity stage.The aggregate fruits of some wild Rubus species and Blackberry cultivars showed double sigmoid growth curve. Total cytokinin-like activity, IAA content and total gibberellin-like activity in fruit increased at the first phase, the second phase and the third phase of fruit development respectively. ABA content in hruit was high at bloom, decreasing gradually to a low level at the second phase, thereafter increase slightly during fruit maturation again. Both ethylene and CO_2 exhaustion from fruit increased dramatically during ripening.Further we obtained many interspecific hybrids among wild species and between Blackberry or Raspberry cultivars and some wild species of Rubus native to Japan. These hybrids will be evaluate in breeding program in the near future.