Study of the Removal of Aquatic Organic Pollutants by Adsorption into Nanospaces of Inorganic Porous Materials

沃茨被二恶英、卤代甲烷、环境激素和其他有机污染物污染是一个严重的问题。一般来说，有机分子对水的溶解度低，并且它们的环境浓度低。然而，即使是微量的有机污染物也显示出很强的毒性，有效的浓缩和收集对于检测和去除沃茨中的有机污染物是必要的。最近，多孔化合物的纳米空间已被证明为化学反应提供了非常活跃的，不寻常的领域，这归因于纳米空间中的表面电位的重叠。此外，在本研究中，提出的想法，当有机污染物分子被纳入反应性纳米空间，分子是紧密相邻的显示吸引力的相互作用，由于氢键和货车范德华力，导致增强的掺入。层状金属氧化物作为纳米多孔化合物，由于其大的离子交换能力， ...更多信息 改变能力。这种化合物的氧化物相具有电荷，因为金属离子引起的正电荷与氧化物离子引起的负电荷不匹配，并且层电荷被层间离子抵消。选择四钛酸盐、水钠锰矿和铁氧体作为层间带阳离子的层状氧化物，选择水滑石作为层间带阴离子的层状氧化物。确定了这些化合物的合成条件。以具有阳离子功能基团的烷基铵和具有阴离子功能基团的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）为模型有机污染物，研究了它们与层状金属氧化物的结合行为，并对反应产物的性质进行了考察。大的有机分子在层状氧化物中实现了完全负载，表明纳米空间的高反应性和通过如假设的并入分子之间的吸引力相互作用的并入的增强。层间距离增加对应的分子高度，这表明，纳入分子是站起来垂直于层间平面。在小的层间离子与大的有机分子交换之后，层结构将通过在层间排列的有机分子的大的不带电部分之间的吸引相互作用来维持，因为带电官能团不同时接触层间的两个相对表面。少

Pollution of waters by dioxins, halomethanes, environmental hormones, and other organic pollutants is a serious concern. Generally organic molecules have low solubility to water and their environmental concentrations are low. However, even trace amounts of organic pollutants show strong toxicity and efficient concentration and collection are necessary for the detection and removal of organic pollutants from waters. Recently, nanospaces of porous compounds have been shown to provide very active, unusual fields for chemical reactions, which is ascribed to the overlap of surface potentials in nanospaces. Further, in this investigation the idea is proposed that when organic pollutant molecules are incorporated into reactive nanospaces, the molecules that are closely adjacent show attractive interactions owing to hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, leading to the enhancement of incorporation. As nanoporous compounds, layered metal oxides are considered promising because of large ion ex … More change capacities. The oxide phase of such compounds has charges since the positive charge due to metal ions does not match the negative charge due to oxide ions, and the layer charges are counter balanced by interlayer ions. Tetratitanate, birnessite, and ferrite were chosen as layered oxides with cations in the interlayer, and hydrotalcite with anions in the interlayer. The conditions for preparing these compounds were established. As model organic pollutants, alkilammonium with cationic functional groups and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) with anionic functional groups were chosen, the behavior of incorporation of these organic molecules into the layered metal oxides was studied, and the properties of the reaction products were examined. The large organic molecules achieved full loading in the layered oxides, indicating the high reactivity of nanospaces and the enhancement of incorporation by attractive interactions between incorporated molecules as postulated. The interlayer distances increased corresponding to the molecular heights, suggesting that the incorporated molecules are standing up vertical to the interlayer planes. After small interlayer ions are exchanged with large organic molecules, the layer structure would be sustained by attractive interactions between the large uncharged parts of organic molecules aligned in the interlayer, as the charged functional groups do not contact the two opposing surfaces of an interlayer at the same time. Less