Study of the Removal of Aquatic Organic Pollutants by Adsorption into Nanospaces of Inorganic Porous Materials

二恶英、卤甲烷、环境激素和其他有机污染物对水体的污染是一个严重的问题。一般来说，有机分子对水的溶解度很低，其环境浓度也很低。然而，即使是微量的有机污染物也显示出很强的毒性，有效的浓缩和收集是检测和去除水中有机污染物的必要条件。近年来，多孔化合物的纳米空间已被证明为化学反应提供了非常活跃的、不寻常的场，这归因于纳米空间中表面电位的重叠。此外，在本研究中，提出了当有机污染物分子被纳入活性纳米空间时，由于氢键和范德华力，紧密相邻的分子表现出吸引的相互作用，从而增强了结合。层状金属氧化物作为一种纳米多孔化合物，具有较大的离子通量和更大的变化能力，被认为是一种很有前途的化合物。这种化合物的氧化相带有电荷，因为金属离子产生的正电荷与氧化离子产生的负电荷不匹配，层间离子抵消了层间电荷。选择四钛酸盐、硼钛酸盐和铁氧体作为层间阳离子层，水滑石层间阴离子层。确定了这些化合物的制备条件。选择了带阳离子官能团的烷基铵和带阴离子官能团的三磷酸腺苷（ATP）作为模型有机污染物，研究了这些有机分子与层状金属氧化物的结合行为，并对反应产物的性质进行了表征。大的有机分子在层状氧化物中实现了满负载，表明纳米空间的高反应性和结合分子之间的吸引相互作用增强了结合。层间距离随分子高度的增加而增加，表明掺入分子垂直于层间平面。当小的层间离子与大的有机分子交换后，层结构将通过排列在层间的有机分子的大的不带电部分之间的吸引相互作用来维持，因为带电官能团不会同时接触层间的两个相对表面。少

Pollution of waters by dioxins, halomethanes, environmental hormones, and other organic pollutants is a serious concern. Generally organic molecules have low solubility to water and their environmental concentrations are low. However, even trace amounts of organic pollutants show strong toxicity and efficient concentration and collection are necessary for the detection and removal of organic pollutants from waters. Recently, nanospaces of porous compounds have been shown to provide very active, unusual fields for chemical reactions, which is ascribed to the overlap of surface potentials in nanospaces. Further, in this investigation the idea is proposed that when organic pollutant molecules are incorporated into reactive nanospaces, the molecules that are closely adjacent show attractive interactions owing to hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, leading to the enhancement of incorporation. As nanoporous compounds, layered metal oxides are considered promising because of large ion ex … More change capacities. The oxide phase of such compounds has charges since the positive charge due to metal ions does not match the negative charge due to oxide ions, and the layer charges are counter balanced by interlayer ions. Tetratitanate, birnessite, and ferrite were chosen as layered oxides with cations in the interlayer, and hydrotalcite with anions in the interlayer. The conditions for preparing these compounds were established. As model organic pollutants, alkilammonium with cationic functional groups and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) with anionic functional groups were chosen, the behavior of incorporation of these organic molecules into the layered metal oxides was studied, and the properties of the reaction products were examined. The large organic molecules achieved full loading in the layered oxides, indicating the high reactivity of nanospaces and the enhancement of incorporation by attractive interactions between incorporated molecules as postulated. The interlayer distances increased corresponding to the molecular heights, suggesting that the incorporated molecules are standing up vertical to the interlayer planes. After small interlayer ions are exchanged with large organic molecules, the layer structure would be sustained by attractive interactions between the large uncharged parts of organic molecules aligned in the interlayer, as the charged functional groups do not contact the two opposing surfaces of an interlayer at the same time. Less