Study of the Removal of Aquatic Organic Pollutants by Adsorption into Nanospaces of Inorganic Porous Materials

二恶英、卤代甲烷、环境荷尔蒙和其他有机污染物对水体的污染是一个严重的问题。一般情况下，有机分子对水的溶解度较低，其在环境中的浓度较低。然而，即使是微量的有机污染物也具有很强的毒性，为了检测和去除水体中的有机污染物，必须进行有效的浓缩和收集。最近，多孔化合物的纳米空间被证明为化学反应提供了非常活跃的、不寻常的场，这归因于纳米空间中表面电势的重叠。此外，在这项研究中，提出了当有机污染物分子被掺入到反应性纳米空间中时，由于氢键和范德华力，紧密相邻的分子表现出吸引人的相互作用，从而导致掺入的增强。作为纳米多孔化合物，层状金属氧化物由于具有大的离子ex…而被认为是很有前途的。更多的变革能力。由于金属离子的正电荷与氧化物离子的负电荷不匹配，这种化合物的氧化相具有电荷，层间离子抵消了层电荷。层状氧化物分别为钛酸盐、水钠锰矿和铁氧体，层间为阳离子，水滑石为层间阴离子。确定了制备这些化合物的条件。以具有阳离子官能团的碱性铵和具有阴离子官能团的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)为模型有机污染物，研究了这些有机分子在层状金属氧化物中的掺杂行为，并对反应产物的性质进行了考察。有机大分子实现了对层状氧化物的全负载，表明了纳米空间的高反应性，并通过被结合分子之间的吸引相互作用增强了掺入。层间距离随着分子高度的增加而增加，这表明所结合的分子垂直于层间平面。在小的层间离子与大的有机分子交换后，由于带电的官能团不会同时接触夹层的两个相对表面，因此层状结构将通过排列在层间的有机分子的大的未带电部分之间的吸引相互作用来维持。较少

Pollution of waters by dioxins, halomethanes, environmental hormones, and other organic pollutants is a serious concern. Generally organic molecules have low solubility to water and their environmental concentrations are low. However, even trace amounts of organic pollutants show strong toxicity and efficient concentration and collection are necessary for the detection and removal of organic pollutants from waters. Recently, nanospaces of porous compounds have been shown to provide very active, unusual fields for chemical reactions, which is ascribed to the overlap of surface potentials in nanospaces. Further, in this investigation the idea is proposed that when organic pollutant molecules are incorporated into reactive nanospaces, the molecules that are closely adjacent show attractive interactions owing to hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, leading to the enhancement of incorporation. As nanoporous compounds, layered metal oxides are considered promising because of large ion ex … More change capacities. The oxide phase of such compounds has charges since the positive charge due to metal ions does not match the negative charge due to oxide ions, and the layer charges are counter balanced by interlayer ions. Tetratitanate, birnessite, and ferrite were chosen as layered oxides with cations in the interlayer, and hydrotalcite with anions in the interlayer. The conditions for preparing these compounds were established. As model organic pollutants, alkilammonium with cationic functional groups and adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) with anionic functional groups were chosen, the behavior of incorporation of these organic molecules into the layered metal oxides was studied, and the properties of the reaction products were examined. The large organic molecules achieved full loading in the layered oxides, indicating the high reactivity of nanospaces and the enhancement of incorporation by attractive interactions between incorporated molecules as postulated. The interlayer distances increased corresponding to the molecular heights, suggesting that the incorporated molecules are standing up vertical to the interlayer planes. After small interlayer ions are exchanged with large organic molecules, the layer structure would be sustained by attractive interactions between the large uncharged parts of organic molecules aligned in the interlayer, as the charged functional groups do not contact the two opposing surfaces of an interlayer at the same time. Less