Hydrologic Processes in a Cold, Snowy Region, and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Those Processes

寒冷雪域的水文过程以及全球气候变化对这些过程的影响

• 批准号: 14595006
• 负责人: NAKATSUGAWA Makoto
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Civil Engineering Research Institute of Hokkaido
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14595006/
• 关键词: Cold, snowy region; Hydrologic processes; Forested area; Wetland area; Closed-water area; Climate change; Hydrologic process model; Sensitivity analysis; 融雪量; 蒸発散量; 流域土地利用; 長期流出量; LAI

This research addressed how climate change and human activities affect hydrologic systems in a cold, snowy region. First, conditions of precipitation, snow cover; snowmelt, runoff, groundwater and water quality were estimated using a long-term hydrologic model. Second, an attempt was made to analyze the sensitivities of hydrologic systems to environmental changes like climate change. Recently, we have become concerned about how snowfall shortages, heavy rainfall in the snowmelt season and temperature rises will affect water resources and flood frequency. The hydrologic processes in forested watersheds, which are important regarding water resources, were modeled and the effect of environmental change on such processes was analyzed using the proposed model. There are also concerns about the loss of native vegetation in wetlands due to drying. The effects of precipitation and river water level on groundwater level were analyzed using a groundwater simulation model to clarify the water budget in the wetland area. We focused on water quality issues like eutrophication resulting from nutrient overload in the basin. To understand the cause of eutrophication in closed-water areas and to develop countermeasures, budgets of water and heat, and amounts of water quality components were clarified and a simulation model was developed. We developed physics-based models and applied them to analysis of long-term trends of water cycles in cold snowy regions. These environmental changes include natural climate changes and human-related changes. The models are of practical use to analyze the conditions at various sites toward clarifying various issues.

这项研究探讨了气候变化和人类活动如何影响寒冷多雪地区的水文系统。首先，使用长期水文模型估计降水、积雪、融雪、径流、地下水和水质的条件。其次，尝试分析水文系统对气候变化等环境变化的敏感性。最近，我们开始关注降雪不足、融雪季节的强降雨和气温上升将如何影响水资源和洪水频率。利用该模型模拟了森林流域水文过程，分析了环境变化对森林流域水文过程的影响。还有人担心干旱会使湿地的原生植被丧失。为明确湿地区域的水量平衡，利用地下水模拟模型分析了降水和河流水位对地下水位的影响。我们专注于水质问题，如流域营养物超载导致的富营养化。为了解封闭水域富营养化的原因并制定相应的对策，明确了封闭水域水热收支和水质组分的数量，并建立了模拟模型。我们开发了基于物理学的模型，并将其应用于寒冷多雪地区水循环的长期趋势分析。这些环境变化包括自然气候变化和与人类有关的变化。这些模型对于分析不同场地的条件，澄清各种问题具有实际意义。

项目成果

Hayama S., M.Nakatsugawa, X.Zhang: "Analysis of Unsteady Groundwater Flow in Sarobetsu Mire"Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Japan Society of Civil Engineers(in Japanese with English summary). 47. 175-180 (2003)

Hayama S.、M.Nakatsukawa、X.Zhang：“Sarobetsu Mire 不稳定地下水流分析”日本土木工程学会水利工程学年刊（日文，英文摘要）。

羽山 早織, 中津川 誠: "サロベツ湿原における水循環の把握と地下水解析"平成14年度土木学会北海道支部年次研究発表会論文報告集. 59. 404-407 (2002)

Saori Hayama、Makoto Nakatsukawa：“了解 Sarobetsu 湿地的水循环和地下水分析”2002 年日本土木工程师学会北海道分会年度研究演示论文报告集 59. 404-407 (2002)。

羽山早織, 中津川誠: "平成14年度土木学会北海道支部論文報告集"サロベツ湿原における水循環の把握と地下水解析. 59. 404-407 (2003)

叶山沙织、中津川诚：《2002年日本土木工程学会北海道分会论文报告集》了解佐吕别湿地的水循环和地下水分析 59. 404-407 (2003)。

Hayama S., M.Nakatsugawa: "Analysis of Hydrological Processes Related to Wetland Vegetation"Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Japan Society of Civil Engineers(in Japanese with English summary). 48. 391-396 (2004)

Hayama S.，M.Nakatsukawa：“与湿地植被相关的水文过程分析”日本土木工程学会水利工程学年刊（日文，英文摘要）。

Nakatsugawa M.K.Kudo, K.Hoshi: "Generalized Analysis of Runoff Due to Snowmelt Considering Storage of Accumulated Snow"Annual Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Japan Society of Civil Engineers(in Japanese with English summary). 48. 37-42 (2004)

中津川 M.K.Kudo、K.Hoshi：“考虑积雪储存的融雪径流的广义分析”水利工程学报年刊，日本土木工程学会（日文，英文摘要）。