Economic evaluation of existence value of ecosystems

为了建立一种可行的评价复杂环境，特别是生态系统的方法，本研究从三个研究领域进行了探讨。首先，本研究回顾了讨论环境问题的几个核心概念的用法。在分析人类与生态系统的关系时，关注“自我”的概念，论证其功能和局限性。其次，引入了一种新型的二人非合作博弈。不同物种的同居在生态系统中很常见。这些物种一开始应该是相互竞争的，但不知何故，它们停止了战斗，选择了共同生活。在这款新游戏中，玩家可以选择合并在一起，并作为一个单一的玩家。游戏的设计是为了模拟从竞争阶段到同居阶段的变化。该研究在不同类型的收益表中彻底搜索了玩家选择合并选项的条件。第三，研究开发了一种评估日本反全球预警政策的条件评估技术。气候变化对生态系统的影响很大，条件价值是一种潜在的、有用的复杂环境变化政策评价方法。

This study investigated into three research areas in order to establish a feasible method of evaluating complex environment, in particular, ecosystems. First, the study reviewed the usage of several central concepts of discussing environmental issues. The concept of "self" is focused on and the study argued its functions and limitations when analyzing the relationships between human beings and ecosystems. Second, the study introduced a new type of two-player non-cooperative game. Cohabitation of different species is commonly found in the ecosystem. These species should have been competing with each other at first, but somehow they stopped fighting and chose to live together. In this new game, players have an option to merge together and act as a single player. The game is designed so that it can simulate the change from a competition phase to a cohabitation phase. The study thoroughly searched for conditions among various types of payoff tables under which players chose the merger option. Third, the study developed a contingent valuation technique of evaluating Japan's anti global warning policies. Great impacts on ecosystems are expected due to climate changes and contingent valuation is a potentially useful policy evaluation method of complex environmental changes.