Evaluation of the biorisk on the use of microorganisms for bioremediation in the environment

使用微生物进行环境生物修复的生物风险评估

基本信息

批准号：
15310055
负责人：
FUJITA Masanori
金额：
$ 10.05万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For the accurate assessment of biorisk on the use of microorganisms including genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) for the bioremediation of polluted soil/aquatic environment, scientific information was accumulated and systemized through experimental investigations and model simulations.In the first year, biorisks on the horizontal transfer of the genes derived from exogenously introduced microorganisms to the indigenous harmful microorganisms such as pathogens were focused and investigated the factors which decide the frequency of the horizontal gene transfer as follows using model microcosm systems : 1.Survival of the GEMs introduced into natural environment, 2.Existence of the transmissible plasmids which have potential to transfer genetically engineered DNA sequences(GEDS), 3.Frequency and factors of plasmid transfer. The results were as follows : 1.GEMs introduced into soil and aquatic microcosms immediately decreased mainly because of the competition with indigenous micro … More organisms but after that survived at low level for relatively long periods, 2.There existed a certain level of microorganisms possessing tra gene, and therefore, the ability to transfer GEDS in natural environment, 3.GEDS could be transferred to wide range of indigenous microorganisms. These results implied that the GEDS can be transferred to indigenous microorganisms when GEMs possessing GEDS are released into the environment. The frame of the model to explain the behavior of the GEDS was also developed.In the second year, 1.The transferability of the GEDS by conjugation, 2.The influence of the various environmental factors on the frequency of the transfer were evaluated in detail using soil microcosms, and 3.The behavior of the GEDS was analyzed by model. Furthermore, 4.The behavior of exogenously introduced microorganisms and the influence on indigenous microbial community were evaluated at the real bioremediation fields. The results were as follows : 1.The possibility of the conjugative gene transfer was considerably lower in the soil environments than under the optimal laboratory condition, 2.The frequency of the transfer was influenced by the levels of the organic carbons, metals, and water contents, 3.The behavior of GEDS by conjugative transfer could be expressed by the modified mass action model, and 4.The exogenously introduced microorganisms decreased rapidly and no adverse effects were observed during bioremediation of real crude oil and dioxin contaminated soils. Less

为了准确评估生物风险的使用微生物，包括基因工程的微生物（GEMS），用于污染土壤/水生环境的生物修复，通过实验研究和模型模型来积累并系统地进行了科学信息。在第一年中，从一年中，基因的米布尔斯在水平上引入了米式的范围，依赖于米的范围，依赖的范围内的依赖性依赖的依从性依赖的依赖者依赖的依赖性，聚焦病原体并研究了使用模型缩影系统决定水平基因转移频率的因素：1。引入自然环境中的宝石的存活，2。具有传播质粒的存在，具有传播的质粒，具有传播一般工程的DNA序列（GEDS）的潜力（GEDS），3。频率和质粒转移因子。结果如下：1。引入土壤和水生微型粒子的宝石立即下降主要是因为与本地微型……更多的生物体竞争，但在这种情况下生存在低水平中，相对较长的时间较长，有2个。有一定水平的微生物具有Tra基因，因此可以在自然环境中转移GED的能力，可以转移到自然环境中3。这些结果暗示，当拥有GEDS的宝石被释放到环境中时，可以将GEDS转移到本地微生物中。在第二年中，还开发了解释GEDS行为的模型框架。1。通过共轭的GEDS的可转移性，2。各种环境因素对转移频率的影响，使用土壤微观社会详细评估了GEDS的行为。3。通过模型分析了GEDS的行为。此外，在实际生物修复场上评估了清晰引入微生物的行为以及对土著微生物群落的影响。结果如下：1。在土壤环境中，认为结合基因转移的可能性低于最佳实验室条件下的可能性。2。转移的频率受到有机碳，金属和水的水平的影响。3。GEDS的行为，连接性转移的行为不得超过。真实原油和二恶英污染的土壤的生物修复。较少的