INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JAPAN

利用新汇编的数据，日本工业生产力(JIP)数据库、福岛、犬井、川井和宫川(2004年)分析了日本近年来的部门全要素生产率增长。主要研究结果如下。1)在考虑劳动力质量和产能利用率后，我们发现上世纪80年代至90年代宏观层面的全要素生产率增速下滑幅度并不大。从1983-91年到1991-98年期间，全要素生产率增长率下降了0.20个百分点。全要素生产率增长放缓主要发生在制造业。制造业对宏观全要素生产率增长的贡献从1983-91年的0.74个百分点下降到1991-98年的-0.03个百分点。相比之下，非制造业部门的全要素生产率增长在1990年代加速。非制造业对宏观全要素生产率增长的贡献从1983-91年的-0.34个百分点上升到1991-98年的0.22个百分点。宫川、伊藤和原田(2004年)考察了…的贡献更多的IT投资对日本经济增长的影响，并估计IT投资的溢出效应。在Sonobe和Otsuka(2001)之后，我们将劳动生产率增长分解为四个阶段，发现部门内资本深化效应是生产率增长的主导因素。然而，最近的生产率放缓是由于缺乏劳动力的再分配效应造成的。进一步，我们估计了生产函数和全要素生产率增长函数，检验了IT资本的网络外部性。结果，我们发现投入侧的行业间溢出效应以及行业内溢出效应。Fukao和Kuan(即将发表)分析了20世纪90年代日本全要素生产率增长放缓的原因。使用涵盖整个行业的企业层面的面板数据，我们调查了全要素生产率放缓的原因，发现从效率较低的企业向效率较高的企业重新分配资源的过程非常缓慢和有限。这种“低新陈代谢”似乎是日本TFP增长放缓的重要原因。较少

Using the newly compiled data, the Japan Industrial Productivity(JIP) Database, Fukao, Inui, Kawai and Miyagawa(2004) analyzed Japan's sectoral TFP growth in recent years. The main results are as follows. 1)After taking account of the quality of labor and the capacity utilization rate we found the decline in TFP growth at the macro-level from the 1980s to the 1990s not to be so great. The decline in TFP growth from the 1983-91 period to the 1991-98 period is 0.20 percentage-points. The slowdown in TFP growth mainly occurred in the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector's contribution to macro-TFP growth declined from 0.74 percentage-points in 1983-91 to -0.03 percentage-points in 1991-98. In contrast, TFP growth in the non-manufacturing sectors accelerated during the 1990s. Non-manufacturing sectors' contribution to macro-TFP growth increased from -0.34 percentage-points in 1983-91 to 0.22 percentage-points in 1991-98.Miyagawa, Ito and Harada (2004) examine the contribution of … More IT investment to economic growth in Japan, and estimate the spillover effects of IT investment. We decompose labor productivity growth into four terms, following Sonobe and Otsuka (2001), and find out that intra-sectoral capital deepening effects is the dominant factor in productivity growth. However, the recent productivity slowdown is caused by the lack of reallocation effects of labor. Further, we estimate production functions and TFP growth functions, examining network externalities of IT capital. As a result, we find inter-industry spillover effects of input side as well as intra-industry spillover effects.Fukao and Kwon (forthcoming) analyses the cause of the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth during the 1990s. Using firm level panel data covering the entire sector, we investigate the causes of the TFP slowdown and find that the reallocation of resources from less efficient to more efficient firms was very slow and limited. This "low metabolism" seems to be an important cause for the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth. Less