INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JAPAN

根据新编制的数据，JIP数据库的尾尾、井、河合、宫川（2004）对近年来日本各部门的TFP增长进行了分析。主要结果如下。1)在考虑了劳动力素质和生产能力利用率之后，我们发现从宏观上看，从80年代到90年代，TFP增长率的下降幅度并没有那么大。从1983-91年到1991-98年，全要素生产率增长率下降了0.20个百分点。TFP增长放缓主要发生在制造业。制造业对宏观TFP增长的贡献从1983-91年的0.74个百分点下降到1991-98年的-0.03个百分点。与此相反，非制造业的TFP增长在1990年代加速。非制造业对宏观TFP增长的贡献从1983-91年的-0.34个百分点增加到1991- 98年的0.22个百分点。 关于我们 日本IT投资对经济增长的影响，并估算IT投资的溢出效应。我们按照Sonobe and Otsuka（2001）的方法，将劳动生产率的增长分解为四个阶段，发现部门内资本深化效应是生产率增长的主导因素。然而，最近的生产率下降是由于劳动力的再分配效应不足。此外，我们估计生产函数和TFP增长函数，检查IT资本的网络外部性。因此，不仅存在产业内溢出效应，也存在投入侧的产业间溢出效应。尾尾和权（即将出版）分析了90年代日本TFP增长放缓的原因。利用覆盖整个行业的企业层面的面板数据，我们调查了TFP下降的原因，发现资源从效率较低的企业向效率较高的企业的再分配非常缓慢且有限。这种“低新陈代谢”似乎是日本TFP增长放缓的重要原因。少

Using the newly compiled data, the Japan Industrial Productivity(JIP) Database, Fukao, Inui, Kawai and Miyagawa(2004) analyzed Japan's sectoral TFP growth in recent years. The main results are as follows. 1)After taking account of the quality of labor and the capacity utilization rate we found the decline in TFP growth at the macro-level from the 1980s to the 1990s not to be so great. The decline in TFP growth from the 1983-91 period to the 1991-98 period is 0.20 percentage-points. The slowdown in TFP growth mainly occurred in the manufacturing sector. The manufacturing sector's contribution to macro-TFP growth declined from 0.74 percentage-points in 1983-91 to -0.03 percentage-points in 1991-98. In contrast, TFP growth in the non-manufacturing sectors accelerated during the 1990s. Non-manufacturing sectors' contribution to macro-TFP growth increased from -0.34 percentage-points in 1983-91 to 0.22 percentage-points in 1991-98.Miyagawa, Ito and Harada (2004) examine the contribution of … More IT investment to economic growth in Japan, and estimate the spillover effects of IT investment. We decompose labor productivity growth into four terms, following Sonobe and Otsuka (2001), and find out that intra-sectoral capital deepening effects is the dominant factor in productivity growth. However, the recent productivity slowdown is caused by the lack of reallocation effects of labor. Further, we estimate production functions and TFP growth functions, examining network externalities of IT capital. As a result, we find inter-industry spillover effects of input side as well as intra-industry spillover effects.Fukao and Kwon (forthcoming) analyses the cause of the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth during the 1990s. Using firm level panel data covering the entire sector, we investigate the causes of the TFP slowdown and find that the reallocation of resources from less efficient to more efficient firms was very slow and limited. This "low metabolism" seems to be an important cause for the slowdown in Japan's TFP growth. Less