Study on tracking systems of individual travel behavior using mobile communication instruments

近年来，旅行行为模型得到了高度发展，能够描述详细的人类行为。现在需要高精度的测量来估计这些现代模型的参数，然而，传统的调查方法，如问卷技术，由于依赖于人的记忆能力，无法达到所要求的精度。移动通信工具可用于在时间和空间上高度准确地收集出行行为数据。这些工具可以测量精确的位置并自动记录这些数据，被认为是一种新的出行行为调查手段。本研究旨在开发和评估一种利用小灵通通信系统这一移动通信工具进行出行行为调查的方法。本研究由三个主题组成，例如：“发展与评估位置侦测方法”、“发展从位置资料中获取出行行为资讯的方法”及“进行…小灵通定位系统是一种新的位置检测方法。这种方法不需要关于基站位置数据的信息，这在以前的方法中是需要的，并且很难从电话公司获得。通过数值模拟和实证研究，验证了算法的精度等特性，验证了算法的有效性，并提出了一种确定路径的方法。小灵通获得的位置数据可能会有误差，这会干扰使用简单方法的公平路线确定。该方法可以从位置数据中估计出行者选择的路径，但精度不高。这是一种发现旅行者所走路线的拓扑特征的工具。已在神户北野观光区进行了实验。许多人被雇佣，并被要求像普通游客一样在该地区四处走动。小灵通终端分布在这些受试者之间，并收集他们在漫游过程中的完整轨迹。用本研究提出的方法对数据进行了处理，并通过实验获得了一些有趣的知识。较少

Travel behaviour models have been highly developed in these years and are able to describe detailed human behaviour. Measurements with high accuracy are now requested to estimate parameters of these modern models, however, traditional survey methods like questionnaire techniques cannot get requested precision because they rely on human capability of memory. Mobile communication tools can be used to collect travel behaviour data with highly accuracy in time and space. These tools, which can measure precise position and record these data automatically, are considered as a new means of travel behaviour surveys.This study aims to develop and evaluate a methodology of survey of travel behaviour using PHS telecommunication systems, which is a sort of mobile communication instruments. This study consists of three subjects, such as, "Developing and evaluating a position detection method", "Developing methods for obtaining information on travel behaviour from position data", and "Carrying out a … More n application of a travel behaviour survey.A new method of position detection with PHS system has been developed. This method needs no information on position data of base stations, which is needed in previous methods and can be hard to obtain from telephone companies. Precision and other characteristics are examined with a numerical simulation and an empirical study, and good performance has been confirmed.A method of travel route determination has been also developed. The position data obtained by PHS can have an error which interferes fair route determination with simple methods. This method can estimate a route chosen by a traveller from the position data with poor accuracy.A concept of "route topology index" has been proposed. This is a tool to find topological characteristics of routes which travellers have taken.An experiment has been carried out in Kobe Kitano sightseeing area. Numbers of people are hired and asked to get around the area as a normal tourist. PHS terminals are distributed among these subjects and whole trajectories are collected during their wandering. Data are treated with the methods proposed by this study and some interesting knowledge is obtained by this experiment. Less