Study on tracking systems of individual travel behavior using mobile communication instruments

这些年来，旅行行为模型得到了高度发展，能够描述详细的人类行为。这些现代模型的参数估计需要高精度的测量，而传统的调查方法，如问卷调查技术，由于依赖于人的记忆能力，无法达到所要求的精度。移动通信工具可用于收集旅行行为数据，在时间和空间上具有很高的准确性。这些工具可以精确测量位置并自动记录这些数据，被认为是一种新的旅行行为调查手段。本研究旨在发展和评估一种使用小灵通通讯系统的旅行行为调查方法，这是一种移动通讯工具。本研究包括三个主题，即“开发和评估一种位置检测方法”、“开发从位置数据中获取出行行为信息的方法”和“开展出行行为调查的更多应用”。提出了一种利用小灵通系统进行位置检测的新方法。该方法不需要以往方法所需要的基站位置数据信息，而且很难从电话公司获得。通过数值模拟和实证研究验证了该方法的精度和其他特性，证明了该方法具有良好的性能。一种确定旅行路线的方法也被开发出来。小灵通获取的位置数据存在一定误差，影响了用简单方法确定公平航路。这种方法可以从位置数据中估计出行者选择的路线，但精度较差。提出了“路由拓扑索引”的概念。这是一种工具，可以发现旅行者所走路线的拓扑特征。在北野神户观光区进行了一项实验。许多人被雇佣，并被要求像普通游客一样在该地区走动。小灵通终端分布在受试者中，采集受试者漫游过程中的整个轨迹。用本文提出的方法对数据进行处理，得到了一些有趣的认识。少

Travel behaviour models have been highly developed in these years and are able to describe detailed human behaviour. Measurements with high accuracy are now requested to estimate parameters of these modern models, however, traditional survey methods like questionnaire techniques cannot get requested precision because they rely on human capability of memory. Mobile communication tools can be used to collect travel behaviour data with highly accuracy in time and space. These tools, which can measure precise position and record these data automatically, are considered as a new means of travel behaviour surveys.This study aims to develop and evaluate a methodology of survey of travel behaviour using PHS telecommunication systems, which is a sort of mobile communication instruments. This study consists of three subjects, such as, "Developing and evaluating a position detection method", "Developing methods for obtaining information on travel behaviour from position data", and "Carrying out a … More n application of a travel behaviour survey.A new method of position detection with PHS system has been developed. This method needs no information on position data of base stations, which is needed in previous methods and can be hard to obtain from telephone companies. Precision and other characteristics are examined with a numerical simulation and an empirical study, and good performance has been confirmed.A method of travel route determination has been also developed. The position data obtained by PHS can have an error which interferes fair route determination with simple methods. This method can estimate a route chosen by a traveller from the position data with poor accuracy.A concept of "route topology index" has been proposed. This is a tool to find topological characteristics of routes which travellers have taken.An experiment has been carried out in Kobe Kitano sightseeing area. Numbers of people are hired and asked to get around the area as a normal tourist. PHS terminals are distributed among these subjects and whole trajectories are collected during their wandering. Data are treated with the methods proposed by this study and some interesting knowledge is obtained by this experiment. Less