Research on the Japan Model Construction of Electronic Democracy

开发利用信息和通信技术（ICT）的方法和技术，使之与“决策、审议和信息”模式相关联，并能在各种政治文化背景下的实际民主程序中使用，是电子民主研究的一个重要里程碑。本研究的目的是试图建立一组适用于日本政治背景的方法和技术。主要研究结果包括以下四个不同的维度或领域：在“基本框架”领域，我们提出了一个既涉及作为公平价值调整的偏好聚合理论，又涉及作为最佳行动选择的判断形成理论的框架。在“决策”领域，1）我们设计了电子投票系统的测试版，其中包含了规范性较好的Copeland投票系统，2）我们还存在一套解决这种投票系统实施中存在的问题的方法，包括人为管理过程的因素。在“审议”领域，（1）设计了博客评议系统的原型，并说明了什么样的方法适合于网上评议，2）设计了一个独特的匿名通信系统，该系统具有可由参与者触发的文件隐藏功能。在“信息”领域，我们验证了1）便携式GIS终端作为收集公民需求的方法的有效性，（2）关于通过邮寄进行的入学申请的问卷收集网站和作为地方自治团体拥有的公共信息收集方法的网站的有效性;（3）作为向公民公开公共信息的方法的听证会上的问答的有效性。

It is an important milestone in the research of e-democracy to develop methods and techniques that utilize the information and communication technologies (ICTs) which associate with the "decision, deliberation, and information" model, and that can be used in actual democratic procedures in a wide variety of political cultural backgrounds. The purpose of our research is to try to establish a group of methods and techniques in Japanese political contexts.The main results, which have four different dimensions or fields, are as follows.In the field of "fundamental framework", we have presented a framework which concerns not only the preference aggregation theory as fair value adjustment but also the judgment formation theory as best action selection.In the field of "decision", 1) we have designed the beta version of the electronic voting system, which contained the normatively desirable Copeland vote system, and 2) we also have subsisted a set of arranging methods for problems in implementation of such a voting system including factors of human management processes.In the field of "deliberation", i) we have designed the prototype BLOG deliberation system and illustrated what kind of method is appropriate for the deliberation on the Internet, and 2) we also have designed a unique anonymous communication system which has document concealing function that can be triggered by participants.In the field of "information", we have checked 1) the validity of a portable GIS terminal as a method of collecting civic needs, 2) the validity of the questionnaire collection site on the entry appeal by mailing, and the Web site as a method of collecting the public information which a local self-governing body owns, and 3) the validity of questions and answers in the public hearing meeting as a method of disclosing public information to a citizen.