DEVELOPMENT OF A BLLOD PURIFICATION SYSTEM IN HOME WITH FILTRATE REGENERATION BY USING MEMBRANE DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE

自一例急性肾功能衰竭患者被临床应用以来，基于透析和超滤技术的血液透析(HD)治疗已经过去了50多年。然而，到目前为止，还没有其他分离技术应用于人工肾治疗。在这项研究中，膜蒸馏作为一种临床应用的新分离技术，已经开发出工业应用。在MD中，基于膜两侧温差引起的蒸汽压差的驱动力，蒸馏的水蒸气穿透疏水多孔膜。在采用MD技术的血液净化系统中，我们可以从肾脏疾病患者的体外血液中去除一些纯净水，并在其中添加一些电解质，作为肾脏替代疗法的代替液。本文在体外和犬体外实验中检测了水分去除特性。在In v…中进一步用液-液体系进行了体外实验，分别用10℃和37℃的反渗透(RO)水作为“血液”和“穿透”侧液。研究结果表明，在不同的流动条件下，采用0.3m~2的聚丙烯中空纤维膜MD组件，从“血”中最大限度地收集45m的L水进行60min的“渗透”。在气液系统的体外研究中，用6~80L/℃的冷空气代替中空纤维外侧的反渗透水，以10分钟的冷空气作为渗透侧流体。结果，由于冷却空气的热容较低，与RO水相比，MD模块中的温差较大，因此最多收集93.2m的L水30min。为了验证MD系统的安全性，并检查收集到的循环血液中的水分清除量，我们进行了一只麻醉和双侧肾切除犬的体外研究。经过4小时的实验，狗的体重从11.4公斤变为11.0公斤，红细胞压积监测发现血容量下降19.9%。MD技术被认为是一种有效的过度水分排出和肾脏疾病患者的替代疗法。研制国产血液净化系统需要选择合适的MD膜和优化组件设计。较少

It has been passed more than 50 years since a hemodialysis (HD) therapy based on both dialysis and ultrafiltration techniques was clinically performed for an acute renal failure patient. None of other separation techniques, however, has been applied to an artificial kidney therapy until now. In this study, we focused on membrane distillation (MD), already developed for industrial use, as a new separation technique for clinically application. In the MD, a distilled vapor penetrated through a hydrophobic porous membrane based on a driving force of the vapor pressure difference induced by temperature difference between both sides of the membrane. In a blood purification system with the MD technique, we can remove some pure water from the extracorporeal blood of a renal disease patient and add some electrolytes to it as a substitution fluid for a renal replacement therapy. In this paper, water removal characteristics were examined during an in vitro and a canine ex vivo studies.In the in v … More itro study with a liquid-liquid system, two types of reverse osmosis (RO) water with 10℃ and 37℃ was used as the "blood" and "penetrate" side fluids, respectively. As a result of the study, 45m L of water was collected in maximum from the "blood" to "penetrate" for 60 min from the experiments at various flow conditions by using a 0.3 m^2 MD module composed of polypropylene hollow fiber membranes. In the in vitro study with a gas-liquid system, 6 to 80L/min of the 10℃ cool air was used at the "penetrate" side fluid in stead of the RO water at the outer side of the hollow fibers. As a result, 93.2m L of water was collected in maximum for 30 min because the cooled air had a lower heat capacity and kept a larger temperature difference in a MD module in comparison with the RO water.An anesthetized and bilaterally nephrectomized dog was carried out for the ex vivo study to verify safety of the MD system and examine a collected amount of water removal from the circulating blood. As a result of the 4 hr experiment, body weight of the dog changed from 11.4 kg to 11.0 kg and 19.9 % drop of blood volume was observed by a hematocrit monitoring.The MD technique is thought to be effective for an excessive water removal and a replacement therapy for renal disease patients. Adequate selection of the MD membrane and optimum design of the module are required for development a blood purification system in home. Less