Studies on design and manufacturing of custom-made implants using collaborative virtual environment

本研究按照建议成立了研究机构，建立了研究的总体框架，实现了研究的目标。本研究的基本系统组件是开发硬组织植入物的原型植入物系统、分布式3D高级计算机辅助设计子系统（3D CAD子系统）和虚拟制造子系统。这些子系统高度集成，使用无处不在的网络以及内部/内部网络，使设计协作环境可以提供给参与的研究人员。此外，还将力反馈接口模块集成到系统中，以提高在虚拟对象上工作的可用性。德岛大学建立了3D CAD子系统，并使用互联网连接建立了系统的协作使用。原型植入物子系统与台式铣床相结合，使我们能够根据来自3D CAD子系统的数据处理一些测试样本。此外，虚拟制造子系统也是基于来自三维CAD子系统的数据。三维CAD子系统不仅使我们能够设计几何形状，而且还允许我们在虚拟环境下进行形状设计，功能验证，性能评估和其他考虑。已使用多孔陶瓷材料根据其中一些设计数据进行了植入物的实际制造，以确定我们正在研究的制造方法的有效性。本研究亦针对力回馈介面虚拟环境的可用性进行研究，并取得一些有意义的结果，同时也涵盖我们的研究在牙科植体手术支援技术以及硬组织植体应用上的应用，其结果让我们在实际人类福利方面获得一些有意义的考量。

Research organization has been set up as proposed in this study and overall framework has been established to achieve the goal of the research. Basic system components in this study are proto-implant system to develop hard-tissue implants, distributed 3D high-level computer-aided design subsystem (3D CAD subsystem), and virtual manufacturing subsystem. These subsystems are highly integrated using ubiquitous network as well as inter/intra-network so that design collaboration environment can be provided to participating researchers. In addition to that, force-feedback interface module is incorporated to the system to improve usability to work on virtual objects.3D CAD subsystem was set up at the University of Tokushima, and collaborative usage of the system has been established using internet connection. Proto-implant subsystem incorporated with desktop milling machine enables us to process some test samples based on the data coming from the 3D CAD subsystem. Moreover, virtual manufacturing subsystem is also based on the data coming from the 3D CAD subsystem. The 3D CAD subsystem not only enables us to design geometrical shape, but also allows us to shape design, function verification, performance evaluation, and other consideration under the virtual environment. Actual manufacturing of implants based on some of those designed data has been carried out using porous ceramic materials to figure out the validity of our manufacturing approach which has been under study. Usability of virtual environment with force-feedback interface has also been studied and some significant results have been obtained.This research also covers the application of our study for supporting technology of dental implant operation as well as hard-tissue implants application, of which results allows us to obtain some significant consideration in terms of actual human welfare.