A Historical and Empirical Study on the Ethos and the Behaviors of the Soviet Scientists in the Early Days of the Cold War : In the Cases of Physics, Mathematics and Engineering Sciences.

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This study aimed at shedding the light upon how Soviet scientists acted and reacted to the situation in the very beginning of so-called "Cold-Wartime Scientific and Technological Regime". The basic findings of this study were as follows :(1)The mechanical engineers in charge of computing technique development adhered to mechanical calculators which were in great demand for the artillerists of the Army at that time. On the other hand, the mathematicians involved in the nuclear development were eager for the high-speed digital computers. The latter group headed by M.A.Lavrent'ev succeeded in eliminating the influence of the old-fashioned mechanical engineers like N.G.Bruevich, taking advantage of the support from one of the political leaders, N.S.Khrushchev [One article now in printing].(2)In the fall of 1948, the Soviet Academy of Sciences initiated the ideological campaign against a)idealism, b)isolation of the research from the practice and c)worship of foreign scientists. This study … More examined the discourses in the fields of physics and physical chemistry and found out that the scientists succeeded in clarifying their position to the party campaign in the points a) and b). They were not, however, successful in the issue c) ; Their failure was caused by the party agents on scientific matters who intended to sweep away the scientists' tendency of the dependence upon the achievements of the Western Science [The first and third articles in the next page].(3) During the evacuation to Kazan' city, the stuff of the Physics Institute of Academy of Sciences who worked for the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University part-time were engaged in the important subjects of military use. In contrast to them, the full-time staff of the Faculty suffered from teaching the students under the evacuation in the remote areas. Thus, "two kind of the physicists in one country" got into a conflict or a confrontation with each other [The second article in the next page, and one more article now in printing]. Less