An Empirical Study on the Realities of the Research and Developments of the Military Technology in the Former Soviet Union in the Cold War.

冷战时期前苏联军事技术研发现状的实证研究。

• 批准号: 11680004
• 负责人: ICHIKAWA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11680004/
• 关键词: Cold War; the Former Soviet Union; Military Technology; Research and Development; Nuclear Weapons; Missile; Computer; Nuclear Reactor

The knowledge about the military technology developments in the Former-Soviet Union had been gained mainly through the investigations and/or presumptions by the Western observers who took advantages of the Soviet official publications and the witnesses of the Soviet or foreign concerned persons. Recently, however, we came to be able to avail ourselves of the original sources kept in the archives.With the financial support from this grant-in-aid, the researcher carried out the archival survey in Moscow several times for four years. He found out some significant documents which tell the details of the processes of the developments of rockets, jet planes and computers and the mobilization of scientists. He have written the scientific papers concerning these issues, the titles and others of which can be seen in the next page (The paper, he wrote concerning the Soviet computer development, is omitted, because it is now under the judgment of the referees of a journal).Even in those areas such as the nuclear development and others whose archival sources we are not permitted to access, the researcher could get some information of vital significance through the research results the Russian historians had made and the publications of the quasi-official chronicles and the memoirs. Taking the advantages of these sources, he wrote the paper on the subject of the R&D process of Soviet atomic marine engines in their early days.The contributions the researcher made can be summarized as follows : 1) the fact-finding about the Soviet military technology, 2) the evaluation of the R&D processes of those huge and dangerous projects, 3) the clarification of the organizational and human factors of those R&D activities, et al.

关于前苏联军事技术发展的知识主要是通过西方观察员利用苏联官方出版物和苏联或外国有关人士的证人的调查和（或）推测获得的。然而，最近我们开始能够利用保存在档案中的原始资料。在这笔资助的资金支持下，研究人员在四年的时间里多次在莫斯科进行了档案调查。他发现了一些重要的文件，这些文件详细描述了火箭、喷气式飞机和计算机的发展过程以及科学家的动员。他写了关于这些问题的科学论文，其标题和其他内容可以在下一页看到（他写的关于苏联计算机发展的论文被省略了，因为它现在由期刊的审稿人评判）。即使在诸如核发展等档案来源不允许查阅的领域，研究者也可以通过俄罗斯历史学家的研究成果和半官方编年史和回忆录的出版，获得一些具有重要意义的信息。利用这些资源的优势，他写了一篇关于苏联早期原子船用发动机的研发过程的论文。研究人员的贡献可以概括为：1)对苏联军事技术的真相调查；2)对那些巨大而危险的项目的研发过程进行评估；3)澄清这些研发活动的组织因素和人为因素等。

项目成果

市川 浩: "旧ソ連邦における舶用原子力機関開発の最初期とその問題点"広島大学総合科学部紀要II 社会文化研究. 第28巻. 1-33 (2002)

Hiroshi Ichikawa：“前苏联海洋核发动机发展的最早阶段及其问题”广岛大学综合艺术与科学学院通报第二卷社会文化研究。

ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi: "On the Initial Development, of Atomic Marine Engines in the Former-Soviet Union and Its Problems"Studies in Social Sciences (Bulletin of the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences II, Hiroshima University). Vol.28. 1-33 (2002)

市川浩：《关于前苏联原子海洋发动机的初步发展及其问题》社会科学研究（广岛大学综合艺术与科学学院第二学报）。

ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi: "The Unopened 'Physics Session' (1949): The Ideological Mobilization of the Scientists in the Former Soviet Union in the Cold War"II Saggiatore. No.30. 9-19 (2001)

市川宏：“未公开的‘物理会议’（1949）：冷战时期前苏联科学家的意识形态动员”II Saggiatore。

ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi: "The Development of Soviet Jet Planes and German Technology"Hiroshima Papers on Society and Culture (The Graduate School of Social Sciences of Hiroshima University). No. 7. (2002)

市川浩：“苏联喷气式飞机和德国技术的发展”广岛社会与文化论文（广岛大学社会科学研究生院）。

ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi: "The Rocketry Development and the Ministry of Armament in the Former-Soviet Union"Journal of History of Science (The History of Science Society of Japan). Vol.41 (No.223). 138-149 (2002)

市川浩：《前苏联的火箭技术发展与军备部》科学史杂志（日本科学史学会）。