The Ideal and the Reality of the Modern Sovereign State Seen through Jewish identity problems

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This project focused on the three main purposes : Firstly, the reality and the ways of the modern Jewish identity crises, secondly, the characteristics of the modernization in the host countries concerned, and thirdly, identity problems in the state of Israel. Thirteen scholars from the different disciplines contributed to this program whose disciplines are the religious studies, social philosophy, intellectual sociology, literature, history, political science etc. As the ideas of the political philosophy has radically changed from the individualist liberal theories to the organist collectivist and nationalist theories in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the results of our research are accordingly arranged as the development of the time, being classified into three main parts as follows.The first part deals with the encounter of the Jewish people with the establishment of modern sovereign states in the nineteenth century in the Western Europe, in which following themes are analyzed : the overview of the historical context of this encounter, the origin of the modern Jewish social theories, the identity problems discussed in the Science of Judaism, and the meaning of the Jewish representation and symbols.The second Part deals with the emergence of the collectivist-organist political theories and the responses of the Jews in the Eastern Europe in the twentieth century. Here we have discussed such topics as the cultural background of the Jewish problems in Germany, Jewish problems in multi-racial states, Soviet Jewry facing communism, racial theories in the totalitarian state, and Jewish identity in East European literature.The third part deals with the several topics concerning the establishment of the state of Israel and the vicissitude of Zionism. Following articles are included in it ; the Jewish status in Arab Muslim countries, security problems in Israel, collisions of Jewish-Israeli identity complex, and identity problem in Israeli literature.