"General Staff of Science": A Comprehensive Study of Russian/ Soviet/ Russian Academy of Sciences

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The continuity of the Academy of Sciences as a practical organization to the present time is one of the most characteristic frameworks in which Russian and Soviet sciences had been developed. In this study, we have been engaged in clarification of the historical factors to retain Russian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to the study of the formerly classified documents in various archives, also in the history of science, the traditional totalitarian model of Russian/ Soviet society is now being replaced by a more pluralistic viewpoint. Our research results obtained through our active research for these three years are confirming the initiatives or self-directions of Russian/ Soviet scientists they revealed against the political power in various historical moments and, consequently, are reinforcing the above-mentioned new major changes we are seeing in the historiography of Russian/ Soviet science.