Geographical view on development of regional diversity in Europe with attention to health resorts

为了对中欧区域多样性的发展进行分析，我今年重点讨论了两个主题：前哈布斯堡帝国领土上的疗养地和现代匈牙利的罗姆人。使用了帝国和现代匈牙利的人口普查数据。分析结果如下：1.在现代化时代，旅游业是各地区发展的主要因素之一。哈布斯堡帝国在此期间发展了各种疗养胜地。尽管这些疗养地大多位于周边和人口较少的地区，但它们迅速获得了城市品质，拥有酒店、剧院、公共交通以及电力和供水。在这方面，养生胜地的发展是以人口密度差异为标志的通常的中心-外围理论的一个例外。2.拥有自己独特文化的罗姆人主要生活在匈牙利的外围地区。他们的高文盲率和高失业率所表现出的残疾特征可以通过他们所在地区的条件来解释：罗姆人的社会经济地位低下的状况由于他们所在地区的经济停滞或不发达状况而得到加强，反过来，罗姆人的存在使该地区的形象变得更糟。这种恶性循环似乎是解释中欧地区差异发展的一个很好的切入点，我认为有必要从不同的角度对中欧地区差异进行分析，这应该是展示欧洲现代化时代以来地区发展的关键。

For the purpose of this analysis on development of regional diversity in Central Europe I focused this year on two topics : health resorts in the territory of the former Habsburg Empire and an ethnic group, the Roma, in modern Hungary. Census Data of the Empire and modern Hungary has been used. The Results of the analysis are as follows :1.In the modernization era, tourism was one of the major factors for development of each region. In the Habsburg Empire various health resorts were developed during that time. Although most of these health resorts were located in the peripheral and less populated regions, they rapidly gained urban qualities with hotels, theaters, and public transportation as well as electric power and water supplies. In this respect, the development of health resorts was an exception to the usual central-peripheral theory signified by population density differences.2.The Roma who has own their distinctive culture has been lived mainly in peripheral regions in Hungary. Their handicapped characters shown by high rate of illiteracy and unemployment could be explained through conditions of their living region : socio-economic low status of the Roma has been strengthened by the economically stagnated or underdeveloped condition of their living areas and conversely existence of the Roma makes image of the region worse. Such a vicious circle seems to be a good point to explain the development of regional diversity in Central Europe.It is necessary, I think, to proceed with the analysis of regional diversity in Central Europe with various view points, which should be a key to show the regional development since the modernization era of Europe.