Distributions, behaviors, and biological effects of pharmaceutical chemicals in water environments.

从东京的4个处理厂每三个月采集24小时的污水进水和最终出水的复合样品，持续一年，并分析药物化学品，以了解它们在污水处理过程中的行为。采用固相萃取和硅胶柱色谱法纯化后，通过配备质谱仪的气相色谱法（GC-MS）分析了13种目标药物。在目标化合物中，阿司匹林的平均浓度最高，为7300 ng/L。在二级流出物中，克罗他米通的平均浓度最高，为700纳克/升。在一级和二级处理期间，阿司匹林、布洛芬和百里酚被有效去除，去除效率超过95%，而三氯生、萘普生和酮洛芬的去除效率较低，约为50%。在处理过程中，丙安替比林和卡马西平没有明显的去除效果。 关于我们 日本的主要河流和多摩川河用于制药化学品。多摩川中下游地区检出阿司匹林、克罗他米通、萘哌酮、甲芬那酸、二乙基甲苯酰胺等目标药物，浓度范围为几ng/L ~几百ng/L。克罗他米通所含的药物成分与二级出水中的药物成分相似。这一点以及更大量的二级流出物被排放到物流中的事实表明，药物是由二级流出物提供的。没有显着的流中删除建议。在其他8条主要河流中检测到的药物浓度比多摩川河低一个数量级。这可能是由于流入河流的污水减少。在河流中，阿司匹林是药物的主要成分，这表明它们来自未经处理的污水和/或处理不当的污水，如化粪池流出物。少

Twenty-four-hour composite samples of sewage influents and final effluents were taken from 4 treatment plants in Tokyo every three month for a year and analyzed for pharmaceutical chemicals to understand their behaviors during sewage treatment. Thirteen target Pharmaceuticals were analyzed by gaschromatography equipped with mass spectrometry(GC-MS) following solid-phase extraction and purification using silica gel column chromatography. In the influents aspirin exhibited the highest concentrations of 7300 ng/L on average among the target compounds. In the secondary effluents crotamiton showed highest concentrations of 700 ng/L on average. During primary and secondary treatments aspirin, ibuprofen, and thymol were removed efficiently with over 95 % of removal efficiency whereas triclosan, naprozxen and ketoprofen had lower removal efficiency around 50 %. No significant removal was observed for propyphenazone and carbamazepine during the treatments.River water survey was conducted for 8 … More major rivers in Japan and the Tamagawa River for the pharmaceutical chemicals. The target pharmaceuticals including aspirin, crotamiton, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and diethyltoluamide were detected at locations in middle and lower reaches of the Tamagawa River with concentration range of a few ng/L to hundreds ng/L. The pharmaceutical composition that crotamiton was cominant was similar to those in the secondary effluent. This and the fact that larger amounts of secondary effluents are being discharged to the stream indicate that the pharmaceuticals were supplied form the secondary effluents. No significant in-stream removal was suggested. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals detected in the other 8 major rivers were one order of magnitude lower than those in the Tamagawa River. This is probably due to less inputs of sewage effluents to the rivers. In the rivers aspirin was dominant component among the pharmaceuticals, suggesting that they were derived from untreated sewage and/or poorly treated sewage such as septic tank effluents. Less