Distribution, behavior, and biological effects of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in coastal marine environments

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Behaviors of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics were studied in Tokyo Bay. Sulfonamides and macrolides showed conservative behaviors in an estuary. They were transported toward mouth of Tokyo Bay for a long distance with half distance of ～40km and some of them reached to the open ocean. Pharmaceuticals were supplied to coastal environments via combined sewer overflow. Hydrophobic pharmaceuticals such as triclosan and triclocarban were accumulated in bottom sediments of Tokyo Bay. Similar degree of contamination by the pharmaceuticals and antibiotics were demonstrated also in tropical Asian waters.