Comparative study on mechanism of pollution in tropical Asian and African waters : Cosmopolitan waters

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Sever fecal pollution was observed in African countries. It was ascribed to insufficient sewage treatment and low precipitation. These also cause discharge of antibiotics resistant bacteria and gene. Antibiotics concentrations in urban waters were one order of magnitude higher in Africa than tropical Asian countries and sulfonamides were predominant. It was ascribed to higher consumption of the cheep medicine due to higher morbidity of infectious disease and lower income. E-waste, municipal landfill, and gold mining cause new types of chemical pollution in Asia and Africa. Increase of some of the chemical pollution has been revealed by the analysis of time-series plastic pellet samples and sediment cores.