EVALUTION OF UTILITY OF FLUORESCENT WHITENING AGENTS AS MOLECULAR MARKERS.

利用高效液相色谱法和荧光检测器对荧光增白剂（FWAs）进行灵敏分析，揭示了两种苯乙烯型荧光增白剂（DSBP和DAS 1）在东京湾及邻近水生环境中的分布和行为。对进水和出水的监测表明，在一级和二级处理过程中，约有60%的DSBP和80%的DAS 1被去除。这些去除效率低于其他水溶性分子标记物（如LAS， bb0 95%），这表明fwa是废水更好的标记物。通过比较它们在废水中的浓度和定量限制，理论上可检测到的最大稀释度为- 10^4S。在多摩川河口，研究了去除多种化学成分的河口FWAs。盐度与FWAs浓度关系图表明FWAs，特别是DAS 1在河口表现出保守性。根据混合图计算，DAS - 1对河口FWAs的去除率为3%，DSBP为40%。这些去除量比LAS少得多。这些较差的去除率与fwa在东京湾水体中广泛分布的结果一致，fwa的浓度范围为0.005 ~ 4 mug/L。目前的研究结果表明，fwa是跟踪沿海地区废水排放的潜在强大分子标记。除了它们的浓度外，相对丰度（即DSBP/DAS1比）可以作为水体质量历史的指示物。对东京湾沉积物岩心样品进行了FWAs分析。它们的垂直分布与这两种化合物的生产历史一致，证明了fwa作为地球计时器的有用性。

Sensitive analytical method of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) using HPLC with fluorescent detector have reveled the distributions and behaviors two stilbene-type FWAs (DSBP and DAS 1) in Tokyo Bay and adjacent aquatic environments. Monitoring of wastewater influents and effluents indicates that approximately 60 % of DSBP and 80 % of DAS 1 are removed during primary and secondary treatments. These removal efficiencies are less than those for the other water-soluble molecular markers (e.g. LAS, > 95%), suggesting that FWAs are better markers of wastewater effluents. Comparison of their concentrations in the effluents and quantitation limits gives theoretical maximum detectable dilution of - 10^4S.Removal of FWAs in estuary where many chemical constituents are removed has been studied in the Tamagawa Estuary. Salinity vs. FWAs concentration diagram demonstrated that FWAs, especially DAS 1 behave conservatively in the estuary. Removal of FWAs in the estuary is calculated at 3 % for DAS 1 and 40 % for DSBP based on the mixing diagram. These removals are much less than that for LAS.These poor removals are consistent with the finding that FWAs are widely distributed in Tokyo Bay water with their concentrations ranging from 0.005 mug/L to 4 mug/L.The present results demonstrated that FWAs are potentially powerful molecular markers in tracking wastewater effluents in coastal zones. In addition to their concentrations, the relative abundance (i.e. DSBP/DAS1 ratio) could be indicator of history of water mass. FWAs have been analyzed for a sediment core sample from Tokyo Bay. Their vertical distributions are consistent with the production history of both compounds, demonstrating the usefulness of FWAs as geochronometers.