An Applied Study of Word Recognition and Development from a Phonological Viewpoint

本研究探讨了日语片假名外来词的语音结构、单词识别、发音过程及其对二语英语和二语日语习得的影响。2003年，我们考察了在英语学习初期引入日语中与片假名发音相近的英语单词是否有效。我们使用速测仪和CSL考察了片假名-GO借词是否会干扰二语英语单词的发音，以及片假名-GO借词的单词熟悉度如何影响二语英语单词的识别。结果表明，在英语学习的早期阶段，引入日语中语音相似的片假名-围棋对应的英语单词是不有效的。2004年，我们考察了语音结构或单词熟悉度是否能更好地解释日语kata…中的重音扁平化更多假名外来词。带有平调模式的片假名外来词在词典中出现的频率很高，当它们以-ll结尾时，即。LLLL和HLL，但我们发现这不能完全解释为什么片假名外来词往往以平调发音；在平调发音的英语单词中，熟悉度高的单词倾向于在日语中有高熟悉度的借词对应，熟悉度高的片假名借词在英语中有高熟悉度的对应词，并且倾向于以平调发音。我们再次证实口音扁平化与单词熟悉度显著相关。我们对学习日语的台湾学生进行了同样的实验，发现日本学生口音扁平化发生在日本学生身上，而台湾学生没有。结果表明，注重对英语单词的语音感知可能是一种有效的教学方法，尤其是在英语学习的早期阶段。较少

The present study is concerned with the phonological structure, word recognition and the development process of how katakana-go loanwords in Japanese are pronounced, and its influence on the acquisition of L2 English as well as L2 Japanese.In 2003, we examined whether or not it is effective to introduce, at the earliest stage of English learning, English words which have phonetically similar katakana-go counterparts in Japanese. Using a tachistoscope and a CSL, we investigated if katakana-go loanwords would interfere with the pronunciation of L2 English words; and how the word familiarity of katakana-go loanwords would influence on the recognition of L2 English words. The results indicated that it is not effective to introduce English words with phonetically similar katakana-go counterparts in Japanese at the earliest stage of English learning.In 2004, we examined whether the phonological structure or word familiarity would more adequately account for accent flattening in Japanese kata … More kana-go loanwords. The rate of katakana-go loanwords with a flat accent pattern appearing in dictionaries is high when they have the -LL ending, viz. LLLL and HLL, but we found it cannot fully explain why katakana-go loanwords tend to be pronounced with the flat accent; and that among English words pronounced with the flat accent, those which have high familiarity tend to have high-familiarity loanword counterparts in Japanese, and that katakana-go loanwords whose familiarity is high have high-familiarity counterparts in English and tend to be pronounced with the flat accent. We confirmed again accent flattening was significantly correlated with word familiarity.We conducted the same experiments with Taiwanese students learning Japanese and found accent flattening happened with Japanese students but not the Taiwanese students. The results indicate that an effective teaching method might be to focus on phonetic perception of English words, especially at the earliest stage of English learning. Less