Land Right Claim among the Indigenous People in Southern Africa

近年来，政府和桑族人之间争论最激烈的是关于博茨瓦纳喀拉哈里中央野生动物保护区（CKGR）的土地主张。一些当地居民对政府的搬迁政策提出异议，该政策促进了人们在长江三角洲地区以外的迁移。本报告旨在阐明面对政府新的安置计划，三族人决定离开或留在保护区的原因，以及三族人社会的变化。以下是作者调查结果的摘要保护区居民迁移到的新定居点被划分为每个家庭的单独土地，这一制度限制了定居点内的自由流动。一些新定居者交换了他们的土地，而另一些人则从定居点搬到了灌木丛中。一些不能适应新定居点生活的新定居者又搬回了保护区。卡拉哈里第一人民内部成立了一个谈判小组，反对政府的重新安置计划。该小组在博茨瓦纳各地与桑族人举行了会议，并有机会会见博茨瓦纳总统。喀拉哈里沙漠形成的神话被引用来支持该组织对土地权利的主张。我们应该从中找到一些线索，来理解三族群体、个人、非政府组织和政府之间复杂的相互作用。

In recent years the most strongly debated land claims between the government and the San have been those concerning the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) in Botswana. Some local people claim on government relocation policy which promote to people's movement outside CKGR. This report aims to clarify the reasons for the decisions made by the San, faced with the new government resettlement plan, to leave or to remain on the reserve and the changes in San society.The following is a summary of the results of the author's surveys.1 The new settlements to which the inhabitants of the reserve moved were divided into individual plots of land for each household, a system that restricted free movement within the settlement. Some of the new settlers exchanged their plots of land, while others moved out of the settlement into the bush. Some of the new settlers who could not adapt to life in the new settlement moved back to the reserve.2. A negotiating team was formed within the First People of the Kalahari to oppose the government resettlement plan. This group has held meetings with the San in various parts of Botswana and was also given the chance to meet with the president of Botswana. The myth of the creation of the Kalahari Desert has been cited in support of the group's claim to land rights.There should be some clue to understanding the complex interaction between the San groups, individuals, NGOs and the government.