Land Right Claim among the Indigenous People in Southern Africa

近年来，政府和桑人之间争论最激烈的土地主张是关于博茨瓦纳中央卡拉哈里野生动物保护区的主张。一些当地人对政府的迁移政策提出申诉，因为该政策促使人们迁移到中部卡拉哈里狩猎保留地以外。本报告旨在澄清桑人面对政府新的重新安置计划作出离开或留在保留地的决定的原因以及桑人社会的变化，以下是提交人调查结果的摘要。限制定居点内自由行动的制度一些新的定居者交换了他们的土地，而另一些人则搬出定居点进入丛林。有些新移民不适应新定居点的生活，就搬回了保留地。卡拉哈里第一民族内部成立了一个谈判小组，反对政府的重新安置计划。该小组在博茨瓦纳各地与桑人举行了会议，并有机会与博茨瓦纳总统会面。卡拉哈里沙漠的神话被用来支持该群体对土地权利的主张。应该有一些线索来理解桑族群体、个人、非政府组织和政府之间复杂的互动。

In recent years the most strongly debated land claims between the government and the San have been those concerning the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) in Botswana. Some local people claim on government relocation policy which promote to people's movement outside CKGR. This report aims to clarify the reasons for the decisions made by the San, faced with the new government resettlement plan, to leave or to remain on the reserve and the changes in San society.The following is a summary of the results of the author's surveys.1 The new settlements to which the inhabitants of the reserve moved were divided into individual plots of land for each household, a system that restricted free movement within the settlement. Some of the new settlers exchanged their plots of land, while others moved out of the settlement into the bush. Some of the new settlers who could not adapt to life in the new settlement moved back to the reserve.2. A negotiating team was formed within the First People of the Kalahari to oppose the government resettlement plan. This group has held meetings with the San in various parts of Botswana and was also given the chance to meet with the president of Botswana. The myth of the creation of the Kalahari Desert has been cited in support of the group's claim to land rights.There should be some clue to understanding the complex interaction between the San groups, individuals, NGOs and the government.