Anthropological Study on Migration and Settlement of Maritime People in Western Japan

这项研究始于我在九州西部的小岛和冲绳的矢山群岛的实地考察。创收农业的经济发展对18世纪水产品销售体系的发展产生了重大影响。鱼商(中间商或批发商)不仅开拓了新的市场，还开辟了新的渔场。到了19世纪，日本西部几乎所有的海上社团都被来自龟形(近海)的人控制。明治时代以来，大型渔业企业的成长对海上民众的生活方式产生了重大影响。一些人移民到朝鲜半岛附近，一些人移民到菲律宾群岛或婆罗洲群岛附近。同样从四国到阿拉弗拉海，他们作为贝壳潜水员定居在澳大利亚北部。并不是所有的海洋人都为了深海捕鱼活动而迁徙。一些人是大型岸网捕鱼的外来季节性工人。但是，随着渔业的衰落和高等教育的普及，海洋社会面临着人口锐减和老年人口比例高的问题。我这项研究的最终目的是从渔业历史和社区发展政策的角度撰写海洋社会的民族志。

This research began at my field studies in Koshikijima Island in western Kyusyu and Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa. The economic development of cash-generating agriculture had greate impact on development of fish marketing system in 18th century. Fish marchants (middlemen or wholesalers) not only tapped new markets but also opened new fishing grounds. Almost all maritime societies in western Japan had been under control of those who were from Kamigata (kinki) by 19th century. Since Meiji era, the growth of huge fishery company has had significant impact on way of life of maritime people. Some migrated to near the Korean Peninsula, some migrated to near Philippin Islands or Borneo Islands. Also from Shikoku to Arafura sea, as shell divers they settled in Northern Australia. Not all maritime people migrated for deep sea fishing activities. Some were migrant seasonal workers of big shore net fishing. But they came back their home village with some knowlege about fishing mechanism as well as ritual of good luck of fishing.FUNADAMA EBISU and KONPIRA (Deities of Sea or good catch) have been diffused to many places by migrant fishermen or fish marchants.With the decline of fishery and the spread of high-education, those maritime societies are faced with depopulalization and increase of high ratio of aged people. My final purpose of the research is to write ethnography of maritime societies with a view point of history of fishery and community development policy.