Change and durability of folk culture in island community under the influence of regional development

区域发展影响下海岛社区民俗文化的变迁与延续

• 批准号: 09610320
• 负责人: TAKAKUWA Fumiko
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan College
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610320/
• 关键词: Koshikijima; island community; change of fishing; depopulation; mobility and migration of fishermen; U-turn; cosmology of fisher-people; community development; 島嶼沿岸村落; 天草漁民; 地域おこし; 地域開発; 郷友会; 開発; 島嶼沿岸社会; 漁村; 魚撈活動; 地域の活性化; 漁業出稼ぎ; 高齢社会

This Anthropological research on maritime society in Koshikijima islands, western Kyushu, was conducted 1997 to 1999. Koshikijima, facing a decrease of population and a decline of fishery, is located in a transportation and commerce route from Goto, Amakusa to Southern Kyushu. Fish marketing system developed by fish marchants from Osaka since 18th century had stimulated fishermen in Western Japan. Fishermen from Goto, Amakusa as well as Satsuma came to Koshikijima for fishing and Koshikijima people were hired as crew members by Ushibuka boat owners. Modern industrialization took young women to textile and fiber factories built in Izumisano and other towns but they came back home for marriage after 3 to 4 years. After World War II, because of decay of fisery in Western Kyushu, male people chose to become net-workers and worked being hired by fixed net (Oshikiami) owners in Miyazaki and Kochi. However, rapid progress of heavy industry absorbed Koshikijima people into urban areas. Since 1 … More 960', men as well as women had left their islands for Amagasaki which is a center of heavy industry. Recently people in Japan have begun to consider and reflect what they have lost in compensation for industrialization and westernization (modernization). Besides that, people who supported industrialization have reached retiring age. They came back from Amagasaki to Koshikijima after many decades. These kind of new-comers are usually against to development plan with calling for the protection of natural environment, and since they live on their sufficient welfare pension, new types of social and economic conflicts have occurred.Cosmology in Koshikijima can be compared with that in other Southern or Western Kyushu, and we can presume widely mobility and transferance of fishermen. Some deities, such as Ebisu and Funadama, as well as a legend of Jingu-Kogo indicate that not only fishermen but also marchants and priests had come to Koshikijima since olden times. Deities with masks (Toshidon) visit on new year's eve, from the sea or from the top of the mountain. The different notion of deity, between horizontal and vertical direction, should be discussed. Less

这项关于九州西部小岛海洋社会的人类学研究是在1997年至1999年进行的。面临人口减少和渔业衰退的Koshikijima位于从后藤、阿马库萨到九州南部的交通和商业路线上。18世纪以来，大阪鱼市发展起来的鱼市制度刺激了日本西部渔民的兴旺。后藤县、麻库萨省和萨苏马省的渔民来到小岛捕鱼，小岛人被Ushibuka船主雇佣为船员。现代工业化把年轻女性带到出水和其他城镇建立的纺织厂和纤维厂，但她们在3到4年后回到家乡结婚。第二次世界大战后，由于西九州战事的衰落，男性选择成为网工，并受雇于宫崎市和高知县的固定网络(Oshikiami)所有者。然而，重工业的快速发展吸引了小岛人进入城市地区。从1…开始公元960年代，男人和女人都离开了他们的岛屿，前往重工业中心天崎市。最近，日本人开始思考和反思他们在工业化和西方化(现代化)补偿中失去了什么。除此之外，支持工业化的人已经到了退休年龄。几十年后，他们从明崎回到了小岛。这些新来的人往往反对发展计划，呼吁保护自然环境，由于他们依靠充足的福利养老金生活，出现了新的社会经济冲突。小岛的宇宙学可以与九州南部或西部的其他地区相比，我们可以推测，渔民的广泛流动和转移。一些神灵，如惠比修和船玉，以及神谷-科戈的传说表明，自古以来不光是渔民，还有游侠和祭司来到小岛。戴着面具的神灵(Toshidon)在新年前夕从海边或山顶造访。应该讨论水平方向和垂直方向之间的神的不同概念。较少