权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Research on the consumer protection system and the alteration of contract law in Japan and France.

日本、法国消费者保护制度及合同法修改研究

基本信息

批准号：
15530072
负责人：
NOZAWA Masamichi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Rikkyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530072/
关键词：
Consumer act Consumer Professional Warrant Obligation of information Clause of abuse Inexecution of contract Code of consumer 契約法債務不履行フランス助言義務消費者保護法制

项目摘要

According to the traditional civil law, it has been considered that contracts are agreements of numerous parties' animus. And for the reason why contracts bond the parties, it is explained that it is because they are based upon one's free will, emphasizing the principle of private autonomy. This kind of understanding towards the contract is still appropriate today. However, one of the parties has the duty to provide information. This is not due from agreement among the parties but it is a duty that comes from fair and equitable principle. It is inevitable that there is a difference between the capability to gather information of the employers and that of the employees. So this duty of the provision of information arises to insure the principle of private autonomy. In French private law, instead of the traditional distinction between merchants and non-merchants, distinctions between employers and employees have become a significant framework. For example, in the field of mortgage, the s … More ystem of law has differed whether an employer had awarded a contract of guarantee and between that of a non-employing individual. And in the field of contract law, there is a significant movement on warrants and defaults of obligations. I.e., in France, the EC directive which was exercised from March 25th, 1999, which concerns the obligations of warrants of the sellers, switched to the consumption law (L..211-below section 1) due to the Ordinance of February 17th, 2005. According to the provision, the buyers who are also consumers are able to use the liability for security towards the employers who are also the sellers, when the merchandise of the contract is inappropriate. In the civil law, such rights of rescission based on the default of obligation to hand over merchandise (section 1184), the right to appeal for compensation (section 1147), the right to appeal based on warrants (below section 1641) are provided. Therefore, the buyer who is also the consumer is eligible of these 3 rights listed above, making them heavily protected. Consequently, the protection of the consumers has the momentum to change the private law framework itself. Less

在传统民法中，合同一直被认为是众多当事人的敌意协议。对于合同将当事人联系在一起的原因，解释说这是因为它们是基于个人的自由意志，强调私人自治的原则。这种对合同的理解在今天仍然适用。但是，一方当事人有义务提供信息。这不是由于当事人之间的协议，而是一种来自公平和公平原则的义务。雇主和雇员在搜集资料的能力上，难免有分别。因此，这种提供信息的义务出现了，以确保私人自治的原则。在法国私法中，雇主和雇员之间的区别已经成为一个重要的框架，而不是传统上区分商人和非商人。例如，在抵押贷款领域，S…更多的法律制度在雇主是否授予担保合同和非雇用个人之间存在差异。而在合同法领域，关于权证和债务违约的问题也有很大的变化。也就是说，在法国，从1999年3月25日起执行的关于卖方权证义务的欧盟指令，由于2005年2月17日的法令，改为消费法(L，第211条--下文第1节)。根据该规定，当合同中的商品不适当时，作为消费者的买方可以对同时作为卖方的雇主承担安全保障责任。民法规定了基于不履行交出商品义务的撤销权(第1184条)、要求赔偿的上诉权(第1147条)、基于搜查令的上诉权(下文第1641条)。因此，购买者同时也是消费者，有资格享有上述三项权利，使它们受到严格保护。因此，对消费者的保护具有改变私法框架本身的势头。较少