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Historical Research on Charity and Philanthropy in UK : Focus on Rowntrees'

英国慈善事业的历史研究:以朗特里斯为中心

基本信息

批准号：
15530134
负责人：
OKAMURA Toyomitsu
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Kyushu Sangyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to investigate Joseph Rowntree's philanthropy, and in particular, the Garden Village he founded, and then to clarify the importance of it as the model of a community that was like a neighbourhood unit, and as the inspiration behind the creation the Welfare State in Britain.In the late 19^<th> century, two successful entrepreneurs, T.Salt and E.Akroyd, had founded the villages of Saltaire and Akroydon, respectively. They were located very close to the big mills that employed their workers. These villages somewhat improved the living conditions of their employees. In London, some funding was invested in improving housing conditions and received a 5 per cent commercial return. Subsequently, the setting up of the Peabody Trust in 1862 led the way for others to follow, and the endowment of trusts by philanthropic individuals developed through the Guinness Trust which was started in 1889, the Sutton Housing Trust, founded in 1900, and the Samuel Lewis Trust, f … More ounded in 1906.But the great estate William Sutton left gave rise to fundamental social and political issues, in particular the role of charity in the provision of housing and relief of poverty. The size of his bequest raised fears that the trust could monopolise housing for the poor, disrupting local housing markets and undermining the rateable base of local authority income. Finally, the High Court of Chancery retained the direction of the Sutton Trust's affairs, exercising control over the initial funds and all surpluses generated.Around the same time, in Birmingham, the Cadbury family moved their factory from the city centre to the countryside, to a site later renamed Bournville. While the factory was under construction, some attractive cottages were erected nearby. An experimental housing estate followed a few years later, which in 1900 became the Bournville Village Trust, a product of the age that created the Garden Cities' movement. In a sense, it was the philanthropic ideal that created this community.In 1904, Joseph Rowntree, using approximately half his fortune, set up three separate Trusts. One of those was the JR Village Trust, which was concerned with living conditions and in particular with the houses at New Earswick, known as Garden Village. Through this Trust, an effort was made to provide houses that were artistic in appearance, sanitary, and thoroughly well-built yet within the means of working men earning about 25s. a week (i.e.,the lowest income-group). In short, this project aimed to improve the housing of Rowntree's workers. Rowntree simultaneously intended to create a community that functioned like a neighbourhood unit. And so, for the inhabitants, the new village would mean something more than bricks and mortar.Through the founding Garden Village and the providing of houses for his workers, the middle-class Rowntree philanthropically pursued social reform for the public good as he saw it. We can say that the Garden Village still lives on, and continues to play the role for which Rowntree intended it, of providing welfare for the poor. Less

这项研究的目的是考察约瑟夫·朗特里的慈善事业，特别是他创建的花园村，然后阐明它作为一个社区的典范的重要性，以及作为英国福利国家创建背后的灵感。在19世纪末，两位成功的企业家T·萨特和E·阿克罗伊德分别建立了萨尔泰尔村和阿克罗登村。他们的位置离雇用工人的大工厂很近。这些村庄在一定程度上改善了员工的生活条件。在伦敦，一些资金被投资于改善住房条件，并获得了5%的商业回报。随后，1862年皮博迪信托基金的成立为其他人的效仿起到了带头作用，慈善个人通过1889年成立的吉尼斯信托基金、1900年成立的萨顿住房信托基金和f…的塞缪尔·刘易斯信托基金发展了信托捐赠但威廉·萨顿留下的巨大遗产引发了基本的社会和政治问题，特别是慈善在提供住房和扶贫方面的作用。他的遗产规模引发了人们的担忧，即该信托可能垄断穷人的住房，扰乱当地房地产市场，并破坏地方政府收入的应课差饷基数。最后，高等法院保留了萨顿信托的事务方向，对最初的资金和产生的所有盈余进行了控制。与此同时，在伯明翰，吉百利家族将他们的工厂从市中心搬到了乡下，后来更名为伯恩维尔。在工厂建设期间，附近竖起了一些诱人的小屋。几年后，一个试验性的住宅区紧随其后，于1900年成为伯恩维尔乡村信托基金，这是创造花园城市运动的时代的产物。在某种意义上，正是慈善理想创造了这个社区。1904年，约瑟夫·朗特里用大约一半的财富建立了三个独立的信托基金。其中之一是JR乡村信托基金，它关注的是生活条件，特别是新厄斯威克的房屋，也就是众所周知的花园村庄。通过这个信托基金，努力提供外观美观、卫生、建造完好的房屋，但收入在25岁左右的工人可以负担得起。一周(即最低收入群体)。简而言之，这个项目旨在改善朗特里工人的住房。朗特里同时打算创建一个功能类似于邻里单位的社区。因此，对于居民来说，新村庄的意义不仅仅是砖和砂浆。通过创办花园村和为他的工人提供住房，中产阶级朗特里慈善地追求社会改革，以他所看到的公共利益。我们可以说，花园村仍然存在，并继续发挥朗特里希望它的作用，为穷人提供福利。较少