An Empirical Study on the Determining Factors of Working Decision-making of Atypical Workers in Contemporary Japan

在这个研究项目中，我对处于非典型雇佣合同中的日本工人进行了几种问卷调查，以调查决定他们工作决策的社会和心理因素。在工作决策方面，我重点关注了入职、离职、离职、职业选择、工作时间选择、职业选择等问题。问卷调查的第一个对象是IT维护工程师，他们的日常工作地点不是在自己的公司，而是在客户的公司。第二个目标是零售商店的兼职工人。最后一个对象是由职业介绍所公司派遣的为有需要的长者提供照顾服务的家政服务工作者。关于其他类型的职业，我通过互联网进行了问卷调查。我在这个项目中使用的主要方法是回归分析和因子分析。本研究的主要发现是：1。研究发现，非典型员工的工作选择决策积极性与其社会关系资源有很强的相关性，而社会关系资源是根据其在社会阶层中的地位而分配的。尽管发现1，非典型工人的决策模式非常不同，我们不能说下层工人没有选择的余地。重要的是要把他们看作可以独立决定自己工作路线的代理人。关于本项目研究结果的政策含义，我可以指出，日本政府对非典型员工的政策目标是正确的，因为他们试图让非典型员工在不同的工作选择中进行选择。

In this research project I conducted several kinds of questionnaire surveys for Japanese workers in atypical employment contract, in order to investigate the social and psychological factors which determine their decision making on working. Regarding to the matters of decision making on working, I focused on the decision on job entry, exit, turnover, choice of occupations, choice of working time, and choice of careers. The first target of the questionnaire surveys was IT maintenance engineers, whose daily working place was not in their own companies but in their clients' companies. The second target was part-time workers in the retail shops. And the last target was home help service workers for elder persons in need of care service, who were dispatched from employment agency companies. Regarding to the other kinds of occupations I conducted a questionnaire survey through internet. The main methods I applied in this project were the regression analysis and the factor analysis. The main finding in this study was ;1.It was found that there was a strong correlation between the activeness of the decision making on working choice for atypical employees and their social relationship resources, differently allocated according to their status in the social stratification.2.Notwithstanding the finding 1, the decision making patterns of atypical workers are very divergent and we can not say that there is no room of choice for lower class workers. It is important to regard them as agent who can decide independently on their own working course.3.Regarding to the policy implication of the findings by this project, I can point out that the policy target on the atypical employees by Japanese government is right one, because they try to enable atypical employees to choose from divergent work choices.