Historical Study in the Transmitting ＆ Receiving Process of Economic Crisis Information in Modern Japan

本研究以近代日本所遭遇的经济危机为研究对象，在关注区域差异和历史变迁的同时，阐明危机相关信息是如何渗透到社会中的。为了了解危机信息渗透的情况，我选取了6次危机（1890危机、日中战争后危机、日俄战争后危机、反弹危机、金融危机、昭和危机），制作了主要报纸文章的信息速度、信息量、信息内容的数据库。特别是1927年的《金融危机》，我以现有的35份报纸为基础，建立了一个可供参考的文章数据库。从信息渗透速度、信息量、信息内容三个方面分析区域差异，得出以下结论：在金融危机的前半期（渡边银行、中井银行等4家银行破产），由于没有相关银行或分行，地方报纸对破产的关注很少。2 .在台湾银行、大尾银行和Jugo银行相继破产后，包括地方报纸在内的所有报纸的文章数量都显著增加，与此同时，“银行挤兑”文章却在前半期消失。全面停摆后，各家报纸都强调“停摆”二字，并成功地传播开来。然而，很少有报纸清楚地解释为什么暂停可以使其稳定。大多数报纸除了制造稳定模式外什么也没做。此外，现在澄清的是，目前用于描述金融危机的历史照片在当时并不是每个报纸读者都能看到的。

This study, relating to the economic crises that Modern Japan encountered, is made on the subject to elucidate how the crisis relevant information penetrated the society, paying attention to the regional differences and historical transitions.In order to comprehend the situation on how the crises information penetrated, I took 6 crises (1890 Crisis, Post Japanese-Sino War Crisis, Post Japanese-Russo War Crisis, Backlash Crisis, Financial Crisis, and Showa Crisis), and made a data-base for information speed, information amount, and information content of leading newspapers' articles.Especially for Financial Crisis in 1927, I made up an article data-base based on 35 newspapers now available to refer to. Analyzing regional differences from information penetration speed, information amount, and information content, I made conclusions as follows:1. In the early half period of the Crisis (bankruptcies of Watanabe Bank, Nakai Bank, and other 4 banks), little attention was paid to the bankruptcies by local newspapers in local districts with no relative banks or branches located.2. In the last half period, after all bankruptcies of Taiwan Bank, Ohmi Bank, and Jugo Bank, all the newspapers including local ones, remarkably increased the article amount, and at the same time, "bank-run" articles disappeared despite they were published in the previous half period.3. After the general suspension, every newspaper emphasized the word "moratorium", and they succeeded in spreading the words. However, few newspapers clearly explained on why moratorium could make it stable. Most newspapers did nothing but making the mode of stabilization.4. In addition, it is now clarified that photos currently used in historical descriptions to represent financial crisis were not so accessible to every newspaper reader at that time.