Livelihood Security Systems and Global Economic Crises, Comparative gender analysis of six countries

据透露，日本在经合组织国家中拥有最强大的男性养家模式。以成年男子稳定就业为前提制定的社会政策现在已经脱离了社会现实，如就业不正规化、晚婚或终身不婚的趋势。社会体制与现实之间的这些差距扩大了社会排斥，使经济容易受到外部冲击。本课题于2011年3月在福井县进行了大规模的问卷调查。福井人被认为是日本社会排斥风险最低的人，因为男女就业率高，学生成绩测试得分高。然而，即使在这样的县，离婚的人，单身男子以及移民也有更高的被排斥风险。研究结果对建立一个能够科普自然灾害造成的大规模流离失所的有复原力的生计保障体系具有影响。

It's been revealed that Japan has the strongest male breadwinner model among OECD countries. Social policies designed on the premise that adult men were stably employed have now lost touch with social realities such as non-regularlization of employment, tendency to marry later or never marry. These discrepancies between social institutions and realities have widened social exclusion, and rendered the economy vulnerable to external shocks. This project conducted a large scale questionnaire survey in Fukui prefecture in March 2011. People in Fukui are considered to have lowest risks of social exclusion in Japan, because of high employment rate for men and women, high score in achievement tests of school children. Even in such prefecture, however, it's revealed that divorced people, single men as well as immigrants have higher risks of exclusion. The results have implications for a resilient livelihood security system that can cope with large scale displacement due to natural disasters.