Social Construction of Individual-Group Relationships : Inter- and Intra- Cultural Comparisons of the Concept of Groupness

个人与群体关系的社会建构:群体概念的文化间和文化内比较

• 批准号: 15530397
• 负责人: SUGIMORI Shinkichi
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Gakugei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530397/
• 关键词: group perception; socialization in group; group dynamics; group size; independence-interdependence; 不登校; 集団呈示プログラム

Group perception, group dynamics, and cultural psychology have been central themes of social psychology. But interestingly, research endeavor to integrate these important topics has been less developed than other areas. This study is one of the pioneering efforts to integrate these topics. In doing so, the notion of independent and interdependent culture was adopted as conceptually parallel with individualism-collectivism.In independent cultures where their members behave rather independently, there should be a widespread belief that an individual behaves in the same manner whether s/he is in a group or not. On the contrary, in interdependent cultures, where their members behave in a way to maintain relationships with other members, there should be a shared belief that a person behaves differently between when s/he is in a group or alone. Based on this schema, it was hypothesized that estimated proportion of likable and unlikable members in groups in general, organizations, and university in general, should be constant in independent culture, whereas the estimated proportion differs in interdependent culture according to group size of stimulus groups. The result supported the hypothesis. It was also hypothesized that persons of high independence have lower threshold in perceiving groupness because they normally behave rather independently as group members. Using computer graphics of persons, fishes, and boxes with various entittativity, the hypothesis got positive support. These results supported the grand hypothesis that the concept of groupness is culturally construed.

群体知觉、群体动力学和文化心理学一直是社会心理学的中心主题。但有趣的是，整合这些重要主题的研究奋进不如其他领域发达。这项研究是整合这些主题的开创性努力之一。在这样做的过程中，独立和相互依赖的文化的概念被作为概念上与个人主义-集体主义相平行。在独立的文化中，其成员的行为相当独立，应该有一个普遍的信念，即一个人的行为方式相同，无论他/她是否在一个群体中。相反，在相互依存的文化中，成员的行为方式是为了保持与其他成员的关系，应该有一个共同的信念，即一个人在群体中或独自一人时的行为是不同的。基于这种模式，有人假设，估计的比例，喜欢和不喜欢的成员在团体一般，组织，一般大学，应该是恒定的独立文化，而估计的比例不同，在相互依存的文化，根据刺激组的组大小。结果支持了这一假设。也有人假设，高独立性的人有较低的阈值感知群体，因为他们通常表现得相当独立的群体成员。利用计算机图形的人，鱼，并与不同的可追溯性的箱子，该假设得到了积极的支持。这些结果支持了大假设，即群体的概念是文化解释。