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A study of behavioral compensation and the neural plasticity in insects

昆虫行为补偿和神经可塑性的研究

基本信息

批准号：
15570065
负责人：
KANOU Masamichi
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15570065/
关键词：
cricket air current sense cercus escape behavior behavioral compensation giant interneuron

项目摘要

A pair of appendages called cerci at the abdominal end and mechanosensitive filiform hairs on them are responsible for the wind-evoked escape behavior of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Unilateral cercal ablation causes misoriented escape in the cricket. The directionality of the escape of unilaterally cercus-ablated crickets, however, shows a compensational recovery after about 2 weeks of rearing. The aim of this study is to clarify that the stimulation of filiform hairs on the remaining cercus by a self-generated wind caused by walking and the efference copy signal for the walking are necessary for the behavioral compensation. Neural recordings from ventral nerve cords (VNCs) permitted us to observe rhythmical bursts of descending neurons during walking. During brisk walking, the burst frequency was large and vice versa. This means that walking velocity is encoded into the burst frequency of descending neurons. To clarify that the bursting of descending neurons is an efference copy … More signal but not the activity of sensory neurons resulted from the self-stimulation caused by the walking, we made a simultaneously recording of neural activities and the motion of a cricket. The bursting of descending neurons preceded any motion of the cricket by about 63 ms. Moreover, it preceded the motion of any leg of a cricket by about 197 ms. Therefore, it was proved that the bursting of descending neurons was not resulted by the motion of a cricket but was generated before the any motion of a cricket.During the recovery period after unilateral cercal ablation, the effectiveness of walking on the compensational recovery in the escape direction was investigated. The walking experienced in relatively early period wa more effective for the compensation than that experienced in later period. As the effectiveness of walking on the behavioral compensation thus changes during the recovery period, a critical period may exist for the change of the neural system that controls the escape direction. Less

蟋蟀腹部末端有一对称为尾索的附肢，其上有机械敏感的丝状毛，负责蟋蟀（Gryllus bimaculatus）在风中引起的逃跑行为。单侧颈髓消融导致蟋蟀方向错误的逃逸。然而，单方面cercus消融蟋蟀逃跑的方向性，显示了约2周的饲养后的补偿性恢复。本研究的目的是阐明由行走引起的自生风对残留尾椎上的丝状毛的刺激以及行走的传出复制信号是行为补偿所必需的。腹神经索（VNCs）的神经记录使我们能够观察行走过程中下行神经元的节律性爆发。快走时，爆发频率大，反之亦然。这意味着行走速度被编码成下行神经元的突发频率。阐明下行神经元的爆发是一种传出复制， ...更多信息信号，而不是感觉神经元的活动所造成的自我刺激的步行，我们同时记录神经活动和运动的蟋蟀。下行神经元的爆发比蟋蟀的任何运动都早约63 ms，而且比蟋蟀的任何腿的运动都早约197 ms。因此，证明下行神经元的爆发不是蟋蟀运动的结果，而是在蟋蟀的任何运动之前产生的。研究步行对逃逸方向代偿性恢复的有效性。早期步行较晚期步行对代偿作用更明显。由于步行对行为补偿的有效性在恢复期间发生变化，因此可能存在控制逃避方向的神经系统变化的关键时期。少