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Central compensation of an insect behavior and a plasticity of microbrain system

昆虫行为的中枢补偿和微脑系统的可塑性

基本信息

批准号：
11168220
负责人：
KANOU Masamichi
金额：
$ 12.29万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11168220/
关键词：
microbrain cricket air current sense cercus escape behavior giant interneuron compensation 補償作用

项目摘要

The rearing condition necessary for behavioral compensation after sensory deprivation was investigated in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. The unilaterally cereal ablated cricket was reared in a glass vial with a slightly larger diameter than the body length of the cricket. After two weeks of rearing in the vial, the air-puff-evoked escape behavior of the cricket was investigated. The response rate (relative occurrence of the escape behavior after a standard air puff) obtained was identical with that of crickets reared in a large cage. On the other hand, unlike crickets reared in a large cage, the distorted escape directional property of the cricket reared in the vial was not compensated at all. Control experiments proved that the restraint in the vial did not affect the motor system, and the air motion from environments was not essential for the compensational recovery of the escape direction. Therefore, the ablated crickets required spontaneous walking in order to compensate the directionality of their escape. A self-generated wind caused by spontaneous walking appears necessary for the crickets to realize the defect of their sensory system and to compensate the related escape behavior. A hypothesis for the compensation mechanism based on the Efference copy signal is proposed, I.e., the Efference copy signal is likely to be used for the estimation of a GI response in intact crickets. In order to ascertain the hypothesis, descending neural pathways that may carry the efference copy of walking were investigated. When the cricket walked fast, the frequency of the bursting was large and vice versa. Therefore, the velocity of walking was encoded into the frequency of the bursting. Furthermore, the angle of turn was encoded into the difference of the burst numbers of descending neurons running in the right and the left connectives. These results suggest that the descending neurons carry the Efference copy signal as was suggested in our hypothesis.

在蟋蟀双斑蟋蟀中研究了感觉剥夺后行为补偿所需的饲养条件。将单侧谷物消融的蟋蟀饲养在直径比蟋蟀体长稍大的玻璃瓶中。在小瓶中饲养两周后，对蟋蟀因吹气引起的逃跑行为进行了研究。获得的反应率（标准吹气后逃跑行为的相对发生率）与在大笼子里饲养的蟋蟀的反应率相同。另一方面，与在大笼子里饲养的蟋蟀不同，在小瓶中饲养的蟋蟀扭曲的逃逸方向特性根本没有得到补偿。控制实验证明，小瓶中的约束不会影响运动系统，并且来自环境的空气运动对于逃逸方向的补偿性恢复并不重要。因此，被消融的蟋蟀需要自发行走，以补偿它们逃逸的方向性。自发行走引起的自生风似乎是蟋蟀认识到其感觉系统缺陷并补偿相关逃逸行为所必需的。提出了基于 Efference 复制信号的补偿机制的假设，即 Efference 复制信号可能用于估计完整蟋蟀的 GI 响应。为了确定这一假设，研究人员研究了可能携带行走的输出副本的下行神经通路。当蟋蟀走得快时，爆发的频率就大，反之亦然。因此，行走的速度被编码到爆发的频率中。此外，转动角度被编码为在左右结缔中运行的下行神经元的突发数量的差异。这些结果表明，正如我们的假设所暗示的，下行神经元携带 Efference 复制信号。