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Process of floral differentiation between east and west of the Eurasian Continent based on fossil records

基于化石记录的欧亚大陆东西部花卉分化过程

基本信息

批准号：
15570072
负责人：
MOMOHARA Arata
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15570072/
关键词：
Tertiary Plant macrofossil climatic change speciation Quaternary central Europe fossil flora historical biogeography

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to clarify relationships between the processes of differentiation of flora and environmental changes that have occurred in the temperate zones in the Eurasia since the Tertiary. I studied morphology of fossil taxa including Fagus and Trapa which have spread widely in Eurasia and became differentiated accompanying Neogene climatic change in Japan and Poland. In addition, I analyzed the composition of fossil assemblages including the taxa and its sedimentary environments based on recent geological data. This results are the following : 1)It indicates possibility of floral connection between east and west of the Eurasia that there was not clear morphological differentiation between Japan and middle Europe in the earliest late Miocene fossil Fagus and Trapa. 2)Japanese fossil Fagus leaves have temporal changes of the morphology similarly as European fossils, in that number of the secondary vein decreased and width of blade became wide since the latest middle Miocene to the Pliocene. 3)The process of reduction in the distribution of Fagus, Trapa and Metasequoia since the late Miocene indicates that climatic deterioration since the late Miocene influenced greatly on the floral differentiation between east and west of the Eurasia. 4)Plio-Pleistocene floral change from Katmandu Basin, Nepal is characterized by a floral modernization from dominance by East Asian elements to an expansion of West Asian elements. 5)East Asian early Holocene plant macrofossil flora reflects original phytogeography before alternations by human impacts.

本研究旨在阐明第三纪以来欧亚大陆温带地区植物群的分化过程与环境变化之间的关系。我研究了包括水青冈和菱在内的化石类群的形态学，它们广泛分布于欧亚大陆，并随着日本和波兰新近纪气候变化而分化。此外，还根据近期地质资料分析了化石组合的组成，包括化石分类群和沉积环境。结果表明：（1）在最早的晚中新世化石Fagus和Trapa中，日本与中欧之间没有明显的形态分化，这表明欧亚大陆东西部植物区系的联系可能性。2)日本的水青冈化石叶片形态的时间变化与欧洲化石相似，即从中新世晚期到上新世，次生脉数量减少，叶片宽度变宽。3)晚中新世以来水青冈属、菱属和水杉属植物分布减少的过程表明，晚中新世以来的气候恶化对欧亚大陆东西部植物区系分化产生了重要影响。（4）尼泊尔加德满都盆地上新世-更新世植物区系变化的特征是植物区系由东亚成分占优势向西亚成分扩张的现代化过程。5)东亚早全新世植物宏体化石植物群反映了人类活动改变前的原始植物地理。