Utilization of the genome and the genome-information of Arabidopsis for plant breeding by the method of cell fusion

为了利用拟南芥基因组及其信息进行十字花科作物育种，对拟南芥与萝卜、甘蓝进行了细胞融合。通过这两个组合获得了体细胞杂种，并对它们的基因组组成和形态特征进行了分析。拟南芥和萝卜的杂交表现出核基因组和线粒体基因组的杂交性，而叶绿体基因组与萝卜的基因组相同。通过基因组组成分析，将拟南芥与甘蓝杂交种分为两类。以萝卜雄性不育品种为亲本的拟南芥与萝卜细胞融合产生的体细胞杂种表现出与萝卜亲本相似的雄性不育，但花药发育程度不同。有趣的是，通过拟南芥和甘蓝雄性可育品种的组合也获得了雄性不育植株，杂交种的基因组结构与花粉育性或其他形态特征的关系有待进一步分析。通过回交获得体细胞杂种后代也是必要的。

In order to use the genome and its information of Arabidopsis thaliana for breeding of Cruciferous crops, cell fusion was conducted between Arabidopsis and radish or cabbage. Somatic hybrids were obtained by both the combinations, and thus, their genome constitution and morphological characteristics were analysed.The hybrids between Arabidopsis and radish showed hybridity for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, while the chloroplast genome was identical with that of radish. The hybrids of Arabidopsis and cabbage were classified into two types by the analysis of genome constitution. One type had hybrid nuclear and mitochondrial genomes besides the chloroplast derived from cabbage, whereas another type possessed hybrid mitochondria along with nuclear and chloroplast genes same to those of cabbage.The somatic hybrids by the cell fusion of Arabidopsis and radish, in which a male-sterile radish variety was used as the parent, showed male-sterility similarly with the radish parent, although the degree of anther development was different among the individual hybrid plants. Interestingly, the male-sterile plants were also obtained by the combination of Arabidopsis and male-fertile cabbage varieties.The relationships of the genome structure of the hybrids and pollen fertility or other morphological characteristics should be analysed further. It is also necessary to obtain the progeny of the somatic hybrids by back-crossings.