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Utilization of the genome and the genome-information of Arabidopsis for plant breeding by the method of cell fusion

利用拟南芥基因组和基因组信息通过细胞融合方法进行植物育种

基本信息

批准号：
15580009
负责人：
YAMAGISHI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Kyoto Sangyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15580009/
关键词：
Arabidopsis Cabbage Radish Cell fusion Chloroplast Mitochondria 体細胞雑種ゲノム情報

项目摘要

In order to use the genome and its information of Arabidopsis thaliana for breeding of Cruciferous crops, cell fusion was conducted between Arabidopsis and radish or cabbage. Somatic hybrids were obtained by both the combinations, and thus, their genome constitution and morphological characteristics were analysed.The hybrids between Arabidopsis and radish showed hybridity for nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, while the chloroplast genome was identical with that of radish. The hybrids of Arabidopsis and cabbage were classified into two types by the analysis of genome constitution. One type had hybrid nuclear and mitochondrial genomes besides the chloroplast derived from cabbage, whereas another type possessed hybrid mitochondria along with nuclear and chloroplast genes same to those of cabbage.The somatic hybrids by the cell fusion of Arabidopsis and radish, in which a male-sterile radish variety was used as the parent, showed male-sterility similarly with the radish parent, although the degree of anther development was different among the individual hybrid plants. Interestingly, the male-sterile plants were also obtained by the combination of Arabidopsis and male-fertile cabbage varieties.The relationships of the genome structure of the hybrids and pollen fertility or other morphological characteristics should be analysed further. It is also necessary to obtain the progeny of the somatic hybrids by back-crossings.

为了利用拟南芥基因组及其信息进行十字花科作物育种，将拟南芥与萝卜或甘蓝进行细胞融合。通过两个组合获得体细胞杂种，分析了它们的基因组组成和形态特征，结果表明，拟南芥与萝卜的杂种在核基因组和线粒体基因组上表现出杂种性，而叶绿体基因组与萝卜相同。通过对拟南芥与甘蓝杂交后代基因组组成的分析，将其分为两类。以萝卜雄性不育品种为亲本，通过拟南芥与萝卜细胞融合获得的体细胞杂种，其雄性不育性与萝卜亲本相似，但花药发育的程度在杂种植株个体间存在差异。拟南芥与甘蓝雄性可育品种的杂交也获得了雄性不育植株，杂种的基因组结构与花粉育性及其它形态学特征的关系有待进一步研究。通过回交获得体细胞杂种的后代也是必要的。