Mechanism of phosphate accumulation and translocation in arbuscdar mycorrhizal assodation and its application to environmental restoration

1 .菌丝中多磷酸易位率的分析我们建立了一种利用多磷酸激酶/荧光素酶系统定量丛枝菌根真菌菌丝中多磷酸（polyP）的方法。比较了在酸性（pH 4.3）和中性（pH 7.0）条件下，与荷花共生的Glomus sp.HR1、lepptoticha Archaeospora OK-15和etunicatum的息肉易位率。从酸性土壤中分离得到的Glomus sp. HR1和a.l epptoticha OK-15对pH为4.3和7.0的寄主生长有促进作用。而中性土壤中分离的etunicatum只在pH 7.0时定植并促进寄主的生长，而在pH 4.3时则不定植。Glomus sp. HR1和A.leptoticha k -15的polyP转运率差异显著，分别为1.11和0.48 min h^<-1>，土壤pH对其转运率无显著影响。2 .酸性硫酸盐土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的生态学我们成功地从北海道爱知县Hazu-cho和rankoshicho的酸性硫酸盐土壤中先驱植物的根际分离出丛枝菌根真菌。对来自爱知县的Glomus sp. HR1和来自北海道的Glomus sp. RF1进行了18S rRNA基因的系统发育分析，发现这两种真菌属于同一聚类，表明它们适应酸性环境。通过盆栽试验，研究了几种先锋植物根际土壤中真菌多样性对其生长的影响。植物在土壤中的生长更大，真菌多样性也更高，说明真菌多样性对先锋植物的生存和生长具有重要意义。

I.Analysis of the rate of polyphosphate translocation through hyphaeWe have established a method to quantify polyphosphate (polyP) in hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using the polyphosphate kinase/luciferase system. The rate of polyP translocation was compared between Glomus sp.HR1, Archaeospora leptoticha OK-15 and Glomus etunicatum in symbiosis with Lotus japonicus under acidic (pH 4.3) and neutral (pH 7.0) conditions. Glomus sp. HR1 and A.leptoticha OK-15 which were isolated from acidic soil promoted the growth of the host at pH 4.3 and 7.0. In contrast, G.etunicatum, an isolate from neutral soil, colonized and promoted the growth of the host only at pH 7.0 but not colonized at pH 4.3. The rate of polyP translocation in Glomus sp. HR1 and A.leptoticha OK-15 was significantly different between the isolates, 1.11 and 0.48 min h^<-1>, respectively, the influence of soil pH on the rate was not observed.II.Ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in acid sulfate soilWe succeeded to isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the rhizosphere of pioneer plants in acid sulfate soils in Hazu-cho, Aichi and Rankoshi-cho, Hokkaido. It was found that Glomus sp. HR1 from Aichi and Glomus sp. RF1 from Hokkaido belonged to the same cluster based on a phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene, this suggested that these fungi adapted to acidic environment. The involvement of fungal diversity in the growth of pioneer plants was investigated by a pot experiment using rhizosphere soil collected from several pioneer plants. The growth of the plants was greater in the soil showing higher fungal diversity, indicating the significance of fungal diversity in the survival and growth of the pioneer plants.