A sophisticated two-component signaling system regulates the meiotic cell differentiation in response to oxidative stress in S.pombe.

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The sexual differentiation of S.pombe appears to be induced by environmental stress, such as nitrogen starvation. The expression of ste11 is crucial for sexual differentiation, and its molecular mechanisms of pheromon-mediated signal pathway have fairly well-documented. However, litlle is known about how the environmental signal(s) is perceived and relayed to the downstream elements to execute the sexual differentiation. With regard to this particular issue, here we provide evidens that a two-component signal transduction system pay a crucial role, in whichthree histidine-kinases(Phk1/2/3), one Hpt factor (Spy1) and two response-regulators(Mcs4 and Ptt1) act in concert with the downstream Sty1 MAPK cascade. This sophisticated signaling mechanism was demonstrated to be involved in the induction of meiosis in response to oxidative stress, through directly triggering the induction of expression of gene such as ate11, mam2, and mei2, which are required in the initial stage of meiosis. This is the first indication that a bacterial type of His-Asp phosphorelay signaling is closely linked to the fundamental process og eukaryotic cell cycle control. We also showed that the Arabidopis AHK4 His kinase functions as a cytokinin responsive sensor in the fission yeast, S.pombe.